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Performance characterization of some selected conventional cook stoves in South Eastern Nigeria had been carried out. Three conventional cook stoves (3-stone stove, charcoal stove and sawdust stove) were selected and evaluated. Their performances were compared with those of improved stove. The results show that the time spent in cooking 1 Kg of rice/(yam) is significantly different in all the conventional stoves under test; (maximum 0.75 (0.44) kg/hr for 3-stone stove and minimum 0.61 (0.35) hr/kg for charcoal). Fuel utilization also differs for instance lesser quantity of charcoal would be required to cook the same quantity of food on the charcoal stove than the open fire stove. Also the specific fuel consumption value of charcoal stove is lesser than all other stoves. The 3-stone stove have higher specific fuel consumption values indicative of more fuel consumption but lower thermal efficiency. This indicates a poor performance when compared to other improved stoves such as kerosene stove with higher thermal efficiency of 64.38 %.
The paper presents the results of a study on the impact of the cultivation of crops which may serve as a substrate for a biogas plant on the atmosphere. Subjects addressed in the study cover a range of issues related to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from this area of agricultural activity. The amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emitted to the atmosphere in the selected cultivation technologies of beet, maize for silage and grasses were calculated. Emissions of GHG from chemical fertiliser production corresponding to the quantities used in the individual technologies were analysed, and amounts of the emitted above-mentioned pollutants originating from diesel fuel used during agricultural treatments conducted with the use of agricultural machinery were calculated. Emission values were expressed in equivalent units – E CO2eq. The study demonstrated that technologies which result in the highest quantities of emission are maize cultivation technologies – the average value for the study crops is 1 428 490.56 g haˉ¹ CO2eq. The lowest level of pollutants in the form of emitted greenhouse gases originates from grass cultivation and its average value is 904 661.28 g haˉ¹ CO2eq.
Soil tillage is one of the greatest energy consumers in agriculture and also a significant contributor to CO₂ emissions. For this reason, field experiments with different tillage systems and their influence on fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions were carried out at two locations in Eastern Slovenia. Three tillage methods were researched: direct seeding after gliphosat spraying (DS-G), reduced tillage with chisel plough and seeding (RT), and conventional tillage with mouldboard plough, rotary harrow and seeding (CT). The testing crop was corn silage (Zea mays L.) in rotation after ryegrass. The highest fuel consumption was under the CT system; the CO₂ emission was 225.03 kg ha⁻¹ on silty clay loam and 188.06 kg ha⁻¹ on silty loam. The use of the DSG system saved on average 164.41 kg ha⁻¹ of diesel oil and the use of the RT system, 104.77 kg ha⁻¹. At both locations, the highest yield of dry matter was produced with CT, followed by DS-G and RT; however, on silty clay loam the difference was significant. The alternative soil tillage reduced the CO₂ emission on average by 79.45% (DS-G) and 61.07% (RT). Presuming the use of the CT system in the growing of corn silage on arable land of Eastern Slovenia would decrease from its current 93.7% by 30% as forecasted under the EU soil tillage trend, the total annual emissions of CO₂ could be reduced by 1.08 Gg, or 24.0%.
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