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The catch per unit effort (c.p.u.e.) estimated as kg/hr and the yield per recruitment (Y/R) often common by-catch fishes are used in the present paper to investigate the effects of shrimp trawlers on the fisheries status and its environment in the Northwest Arabian Gulf. Samples were collected on weekly basis through fishery-oceanography survey carried out by the Marine Science Centre at the University of Basrah during the period of 1995-1999, using two small shrimp trawlers. The catch per unit effort (c.p.u.e.) of total, commercial fishes, shrimps, and other invertebrates catches showed a drastic drop year by year. The results of the relative yield per recruitment (Y′/R) of the ten investigated species, their optimum and current lengths at first capture (Lc) and their lengths at first maturation (Lm) indicate that the stock of these species suffered a problem of recruitment overfishing. A strategy of protection for Northwest Arabian Gulf fisheries involves implementing closed season, introducing an effort limitation policy should be designed.
The hydrological regime is the main force driving processes in river-floodplain systems. The flood pulse concept serves as a base from which to study the processes acting in such a system. However, when the flood pulse is regulated and there is a need to re-establish the hydrography at close to natural conditions, the best way to achieve this is via ecohydrology, a newly emerging paradigm. In this paper, we use principles of ecohydrology to evaluate the effect of water quantity on the limnology, biota and fishery of the upper Paraná River systems, where a UNESCO demonstration site on ecohydrology is located. In addition, we argue that dam operation can be crucial for restoring the hydrography of the Paraná River to near natural conditions. The data used were collected between 1986 and 2006 in several habitats of the floodplain. The limnology, biota (periphyton, phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthic invertebrates, fish, macrophytes and riparian vegetation) and fishery (ecosystems services) were all influenced by the alteration in the hydrography prompted by the functioning of the dams located upstream from the demonstration site area. Moreover, the observed deterioration of the water quality due to the presence of toxic cyanobacteria is another strong argument for adjusting the dam’s operation to reestablish the timing of the floods to match critical periods of the biota in order to restore ecosystem biodiversity and services.
Background. The purpose of this study was to identify mathematical equations describing changes in a flatfish body shape along its longitudinal axis. The initial function for the description of a cross-section contour is the ellipse equation including a factor deforming the symmetry with respect to one of axes. Such equations may find their use in fisheries engineering and food-fish processing. Materials and Methods. The morphometric examination of the fish raw material was carried out in order to check whether the proposed function meets expectations and draws a curve. The model fish species used was flounder, Platichthys flesus (L.). Results. The mathematical equation describing changes in a cross-section contour of flatfish body shape along its longitudinal axis. The high value of correlation coefficients (r > 0.99) showed that a hypothetical curve matches experiment results quite well. The equation describing the shape of a flatfish body cross-section contour can be defined by means of the ellipse equation including a factor deforming the symmetry with regard to one of its axes. The function represented by equation (8) draws a curve that follows the contour of the fish cross-section. Conclusion. The shape of flounder, defined in the presently reported study may have importance for sustainable and responsible fisheries, helping to design more selective fishing gear. It can also be used in food-fish engineering for designing more effective fish-processing machinery.
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