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Monitoring data reflecting the pollutant levels are one of the elements of evaluation of air quality, likewise inventories of pollutant emissions released to air. The Katowice Province has operated a modern automatic network called Regional Air Pollutant Monitoring System since spring 1993. The network is the first instance of Polish implementation of the World Bank Program, Environmental Management Strategy — Air Quality Monitoring. Although air quality has improved in Katowice Province, there are incidents when pollutant concentrations exceed some standards. That is why efforts have been made to prepare the Monitoring System to detect alert conditions. The authors deal with adjusting the automatic air pollutant monitoring system to operate in alert conditions and discuss proposals for operational procedures during alerts.
Aura
|
1997
|
nr 01
10-12
The article discusses the current state and drafts of legal solutions regarding the international aspect of air pollution, in particular the presence of heavy metals in the air. These issues are regulated by conventions approved by EU countries, mainly the Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution, supplemented with additional protocols, including the Sulphur Protocol (on reduction of SO₂ emissions) and the Protocol on Nitrogen Dioxides which imposes stabilising nitrogen oxide emissions at 1987 levels. The next protocol in the Convention will cover heavy metals. In Poland, heavy metal emissions to the air can be reduced by improved performance of dedusting equipment in heat plants, decreasing the number of stoves in residences, improved quality of stove coal and replacing it with natural gas.
Air pollution reduction in densely populated industrial areas produces the required result at significantly lower cost to potential polluters when combined with market instruments (emissions trading). The authors present a design for such a pollutant emissions trading scheme for urban centres.
Aura
|
1993
|
nr 12
9-10
Rural settlements are inhabited by populations which do not live on farming alone. In many villages new housing estates for people working outside agricultural sector are developed. Farms where large numbers of animals bred constitute a particular nuisance. Agricultural policy changes imply expanding land available to agricultural production and increases in numbers of animals bred in individual farms. This requires appropriate facilities for livestock. Any increment in the number of animals, however, results in increased odour nuisance. The author compares organizational and legal issues aimed at solving this problem in Poland and Germany.
Motor vehicles are a significant source of pollution of the natural environment. To reduce its adverse effects lead-free petrol and catalytic converters are gradually introduced on an increasing scale. Because of high costs, implementation of these measures will take a long time. In short term, quantities of toxic combustion products can be reduced by lowering fuel consumption. The article presents the factors which affect consumption of liquid fuels (technical, operational, road and traffic factors as well as driving style). Thus, reduction in liquid fuel consumption by motor vehicles will result in a decrease in fuel expenses, and above all, it will abate pollution of the natural environment, particularly in urban centres.
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