Wyniki wyszukiwania - AGRO

1

Evaluation of water quality index for drinking water

100%

Damo R., Icka P.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2013

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tom 22

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nr 4

The aim of this study is to determine the quality of drinking water in the city of Pogradec, Albania. Daily samples were taken from six fixed points in the city. They were analyzed based on the standard methods for the following parameters: taste, odor, temperature, pH, conductivity (EC), turbidity, NO-3, NO-2, NH+4, chloride, and microbial load. The assessment of water quality was made using the water quality index (WQI) of the Canadian Council of Ministries of the Environment (CCME). The calculated value of CCME WQI by 87.81 indicates that the drinking water quality in the city of Pogradec is “good,” and that turbidity is the main problem in quality.

2

Analysis of PPB amounts of aldehydes in water by solid phase extraction

100%

Nawrocki J., Kalkowska I., Dabrowska A.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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1996

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tom 05

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nr 3

Ozonation is commonly used in drinking water treatment technology. Ozone reacts with natural organic substances present in water to produce a number of by-products. Aldehydes are the important class of ozonation by-products due to their health effects. The determination of aldehydes in water by conventional analytical techniques is difficult because they are polar, unstable and exist at low concentration. A modern method to determine aldehydes in drinking water applies derivatization with 0-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxylamine (PFBOA) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). The objective of this study was to improve the method by applying solid phase derivatization and extraction. C18 Baker SPE sorbents were used for simultaneous derivatization and enrichment of aldehydes. Detection limits with GC/ECD technique were in the low ppb range.

3

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Evaluation of susceptibility of polymer and rubber materials intended into contact with drinking water on biofilm formation

86%

Szczotko M., Stankiewicz A., Jamsheer-Bratkowska M.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2016

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tom 67

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nr 4

Background. Plumbing materials in water distribution networks and indoor installations are constantly evolving. The application of new, more economical solutions with plastic materials eliminates the corrosion problems, however, do not fully protect the consumer against secondary microbial contamination of water intended for human consumption caused by the presence of a biofilm on the inner surface of materials applied. National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene conducts research aimed at a comprehensive assessment of this type of materials, resulting their further marketing authorization in Poland. Objectives. Evaluation and comparison of polymer and rubber materials intended to contact with water for the susceptibility to biofilm formation. Materials and Methods. Plastic materials (polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride) and rubber compounds (EPDM, NBR), from different manufacturers were evaluated. The study was carried out on 37 samples, which were divided into groups according to the material of which they were made. The testing was conducted according to the method based on conditions of dynamic flow of tap water. The level of bioluminescence in swabs taken from the surface of the tested materials was investigated with a luminometer. Results. Evaluation of plastic materials does not show major objections in terms of hygienic assessment. All materials met the evaluation criteria established for methodology used. In case of rubber compounds, a substantial part clearly exceeded the limit values, which resulted in their negative assessment and elimination of these materials from domestic market. Conclusions: High susceptibility to the formation of biofilm in the group of products made of rubber compounds has been demonstrated. Examined plastic materials, except for several cases, do not revealed susceptibility to biofilm formation, but application of plastics for distribution of water intended for human consumption does not fully protect water from secondary, microbiological contamination. Complete verification of plumbing materials including biofilm formation test before their introduction into the domestic market should be continued.

4

Role of nitric oxide and reduced glutathione and their implication on typhoid

86%

Haque S. S.

Journal of Biology and Earth Sciences

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2012

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tom 02

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nr 2

5

Isolation of thermotolerant pathogenic Naegleria australiensis from diverse water resources including household drinking water in Pakistan

86%

Tanveer T., Hameed A., Bin-Dukhyil A.-A. A., Alaidarous M., Matin A.

Acta Protozoologica

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2017

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tom 56

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nr 4

6

Teoreticheskie osnovy aktivirovanija rastvorov koaguljanta sul'fata aljuminija pri podgotovke pit'evojj vody

86%

Epojan S., Dushkin S., Ajjrapetjan T.

Motrol. Motoryzacja i Energetyka Rolnictwa

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2014

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tom 16

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nr 6

7

Atomic forms of selenium in selected mineral and well water in Poland

86%

Gawloska-Kamocka A.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2009

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tom 60

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nr 1

The study aimed at application of a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detector for selenium speciation in samples of mineral and well waters in Poland. Basic solutions 1000 μg/l SeO3 2- and SeO4 2- were prepared by dissolving 2.190 g of reagent Na2SeO3 and 2.393 g Na2SeO4 in 1000 ml of deionised water, respectively. Recent standards SeO3 2- and SeO4 2- (single or mixed) were prepared daily. Chromatographic separations were obtained on a column with reversed phase of C18, 250*4 mm, 5 μm ODS. As mobile phase mixture of 5 mmol/l phosphate tetrabutylammonium, 50/50 water/methanol at pH 3.4 was used. Flow rate of mobile phase was1 ml/min and detector was set on λ=210 nm. Injection volumes were 5 μl. The average concentration of Se(IV) was 4.10 μg/l and Se(VI) - 4.27 μg/l and Se(II) - 0.54 μg/l although the differences between water samples originating from various sources were relatively high. The developed method can be therefore recommended for determination of Se in samples of mineral water.

8

Preliminary studies of sediments from the Dobczyce drinking water reservoir

86%

Golas J., Kubica B., Reczynski W., Kwiatek W. M., Jakubowska M., Skiba M., Stobinski M., Dutkiewicz E. M., Posmyk G., Jones K. W., Olko M., Gorecki J.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2005

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tom 14

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nr 5

The analysis of river and lake sediments indicates that the physical, chemical, biochemical and geochemical processes that influence the fate of toxic compounds and elements in sediments are numerous and complex (for example: sorption – desorption, oxidation – reduction, ion-exchange, biological activity). Due to the above-mentioned general statement, only a long term and complex research programme can lead to satisfactory answers to the questions relating to possible changes of water and environmental quality in the future. The aim of our study consisted in physical and chemical characterisation of sediments in in-depth profiles taken from the Dobczyce reservoir in southern Poland that is a main source of drinking water for the city of Kraków. Due to morphological reasons, 7 layers of sediment samples were distinguished from the ground level to about 90 cm below (total thickness of the sediments in the sampling site). Analysis of grain size distribution and application of x-ray diffraction method, enabled mineralogical description of sediments. The use of proton-induced x-ray emission (PIXE) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) revealed elemental composition of the samples (Al, P, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn). Concentrations of natural ⁴⁰K and artificial ¹³⁷Cs radionuclides were determined by the use of gamma spectrometry. The following facts were established: 1) the oldest (deepest) and newest, recently deposited layers of sediments are similar in their physical and chemical properties. It means that the inflow of contaminants and biogenic compounds to the reservoir has changed little since it was constructed and filled with water; 2) the severe flood in 1997 changed significantly sediment composition and, in fact, led to purification of sediments in the Dobczyce reservoir.

9

Water resource management challenges facing industrial societies: the Polish case

86%

Moran S.

Geographia Polonica

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1995

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tom 64

10

Biochemical changes in rats simultaneously exposed to tetrachloroethylene and N-hexane or tetrachloroethylene and ethylbenzene

86%

Skowron J., Miranowicz-Dzierzawska K., Zapor L., Golofit-Szymczak M., Starek A.

Acta Poloniae Toxicologica

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2001

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tom 09

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nr 1

11

Influence of drinking water-administered aluminium on morphology and respiratory function of blood in rats

86%

Gromysz-Kalkowska K., Kanoniuk D., Szubartowska E., Unkiewicz-Winiarczyk A.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2004

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tom 13

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nr 5

Our study examined changes in the red blood system of rats under the influence of aluminium chloride administered in a physiological way with drinking water in the following doses : 0.5 g/l, 1 g/l and 2 g/l. The significant decrease of erythrocyte numbers, haemoglobin levels and haematocrit values which accompanied the highly significant statistical elevation in reticulocyte contents were observed in intoxicated animals. Also, the decrease of mean cell volume (MCV), average diameter of erythrocyte (D) and its surface area (S) were noted. Respiratory surface of blood volume unit (Sresp.) and coefficient F in group received AlCl3 at doses of 0.5 g/l were slightly higher then in control group. Groups that received 1 g/l and 2 g/l decreased in Sresp. and coeficcient F. Our data showed that aluminium intoxication impairs respiratory function of the blood.

12

A trial to assess environmental pollution by means of fluoride content in hen bones

86%

Czarnowski W., Krechniak J., Stolarska K.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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1997

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tom 06

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nr 6

The fluoride content in drinking water and hen ankle bones of 48 localities in northern and central Poland was determined. The mean fluoride concentration in water was 0.1 - 0.4 mg/1, in bones 0.4 - 0.6 mg/g. An insignificat correlation between the fluoride content in hen bones and drinking water was found in this study. Hen bones are not well suited for use as a bioindicator for assessment of environmental fluoride pollution.

13

Geographical information system [GIS] as a tool for monitoring and analysing pesticide pollution and its impact on public health

86%

Kaminska I. A., Oldak A., Turski W. A.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

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2004

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tom 11

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nr 2

Geographical Information System (GIS) combines information from cartography sources (i.e. maps), earthbound surveys, remote sensing (i.e. aerial and satellite imagery) and creates overlapping layers that can be accessed, transformed, and manipulated interactively in one spatial structure. Thanks to the great flexibility of GIS, its possible applications are countless. For example, dynamic databases created by GIS can manage information from various sources and make spatial correlations with epidemiological data about temporal distribution of environmentally-related diseases. GIS has also been increasingly used to monitor, analyse and model pesticide migration in the environment. GIS analysis has proved to be a valuable tool in environmental and public health studies yielding important results that may ultimately help prevent excessive or uncontrolled exposure to xenobiotics, including pesticides. Despite its obvious advantages GIS technology is still not commonly used for such studies, particularly in the developing countries where the knowledge about GIS technology and its accessibility is limited. The presented review briefly explains the basic features of GIS and discusses exemplary studies where this technology has been successfully used for monitoring and analysing pesticide pollution and its impact on public health.

14

Pesticide content in drinking water samples collected from orchard areas in Central Poland

86%

Badach H., Nazimek T., Kaminska I. A.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

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2007

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tom 14

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nr 1

Samples of drinking water collected in Warka-Grójec region of central Poland were tested for the presence of pesticides. Data obtained from analysis of water samples will be used for future epidemiological and environmental studies in the region. Samples were collected during spring and autumn of 2002-2003 from dug wells, deep wells and water mains in 81 randomly-selected rural households scattered throughout this region of extensive agriculture. The concentration of pesticides from four main chemical groups was determined by gas chromatography: organochlorines (lindane, DDT, methoxychlor), triazines (atrazine, simazine), organophosphates (acephate, diazinon, fenitrothion) and pyrethroids (alpha-cypermethrin, deltamethrin). Two-year monitoring of drinking water samples indicated the presence of DDT and methoxychlor contamination. Pyrethroids were generally not detected, with the exception of alpha-cypermethrin found in only a few samples. Triazines were also found in water samples collected in the course of the study with higher incidence during spring period. Organophosphates were by far the most common contaminants of drinking water in this region. Almost all samples were contaminated by signifi cant amounts of fenitrothion. The present study reveals an urgent need for systematic monitoring of drinking water quality in regions of intensive agriculture, since they are highly vulnerable to pesticide contamination. Consumption of pesticide-contaminated water may have a negative impact on the population living in this area, which also requires scientifi c assessment.

15

Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water [including drinking water] of Lodz

86%

Kabzinski A. K. M., Cyran J., Juszczak R.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2002

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tom 11

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nr 6

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are more dangerous xenobiotics, very carcinogenic for animals and humans. They are found in air, water, sediments, and plant and animal tissues. most PAHs in the environment are derived during incomplete combustion of organic substances at temperatures lower than 700o C. total emission of all PAHs is very difficult to estimate but the global emission of benzo[a]pyrene is estimated at about 8600 tons/year. Most PAHs are lipophilic compounds that can be bioaccumulated to high levels. Microbial biodegradation and sunlight decomposition are the main mechanisms for PAH removal from sediments and water. In the present paper the authors will try to determine concentrations of 16 PAHs from the US EPA list in river water and drinking water of the ód area to be compared with bibliographic data obtained by other chromatographic methods.

16

Halomethanes and organic pollutants in drinking water after disinfection

86%

Bake M., Pastare S., Zilbere U., Pastare I.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

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2002

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tom 28

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nr 4

17

Endocrine disruptor contaminants in water and their adverse effects in humans

72%

Wesierska-Gadek J.

International Journal of Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology

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2006

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tom 06

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nr 1-4

233-242

18

Problem manganu w wodzie do picia

72%

Hermanowicz W., Kelus J., Sikorowska C.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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1963

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tom 14

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nr 3

19

Evaluation of some immunoregulatory cytokines in serum of rats exposed to cadmium and ethanol

72%

Moniuszko-Jakoniuk J., Jurczuk M., Galazyn-Sidorczuk M.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2009

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tom 18

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nr 4

673-680

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of cadmium (Cd) (5 and 50 mg Cd/l in drinking water) and ethyl alcohol (ethanol, EtOH) (5 g EtOH/kg b.wt., intragastrically), administered alone or simultaneously, on the concentrations of pro-inflammatory (interleukin-1, IL-1?; interleukin-6, IL-6; tumor necrosis factor-?, TNF? and interferon ?, INF?) and anti-inflammatory (interleukin-4, IL-4) cytokines in the serum of rats. In order to estimate the involvement of Cd- or/and EtOH-induced oxidative stress in damage to cytokines, the concentration of protein carbonyl groups (PC), as a marker of oxidative protein damage, was also determined. Exposure to 5 and 50 mg Cd/l, alone or in combination with EtOH, led to an increase in the serum concentrations of IL-1?, TNF? and INF? with a simultaneous decrease in IL-4 concentration, compared to the control. The concentration of IL-6 was elevated only after administration of 50 mg Cd/l, both alone and in combination with EtOH. The exposure to EtOH alone resulted in increased concentrations of TNF? and INF?, as well as in decreased concentrations of IL-4. In rats co-exposed to Cd and EtOH, the changes observed in the concentrations of the cytokines, except in IL-6, were more advanced, compared to the animals treated with these xenobiotics alone. Exposure to Cd and EtOH, both alone and in combination, caused an increase in the serum PC concentration. The concentration of PC positively correlated with the concentrations of IL-1?, IL- 6, TNF? and INF? and negatively with IL-4 concentration. The results suggest that changes in the cytokines examined are more enhanced after combined exposure to Cd and EtOH, especially at higher Cd dosage. Moreover, it can be hypothesized that oxidative stress may be involved in the mechanism leading to changes in the concentration of cytokines after exposure to Cd and EtOH alone and in combination.

20

Mycological monitoring of selected aquatic ecosystems in the context of epidemiological hazards. Drinking water

72%

Biedunkiewicz A., Kowalska K., Schulz L., Stojek K., Dynowska M., Ejdys E., Sucharzewska E., Kubiak D.

Annals of Parasitology

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2014

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tom 60

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nr 3

Many species of microfungi are reported in aquatic ecosystems with different frequency. Their number constantly fluctuates depending on the concentration of environmental and anthropogenic factors. Drinking water, tap and bottled, is essential for the proper functioning of the human body. It is also the main component of food and hence it should be safe for human health and free of contaminants. The mycological purity of tap water in two large cities in the region (Olsztyn and Ostrołęka) and a small village (Gągławki) as well as bottled, medium-mineralized and curative water stored under different conditions were tested. The laboratory investigations followed a pathway applied in diagnostic mycological laboratories. The conducted tests demonstrated that microfungi were found in tap water originating from the cities and in bottled water. The rural water supply system was free from contaminations. Eighteen species of microfungi were identified in tap water from Olsztyn and 9 species in tap water from Ostrołęka. In bottled water, 13 fungal species were detected. Exophiala spinifera and Debaryomyces hansenii were recorded in the water supply systems of both cities, while one common species, i.e. Aspergillus fumigatus, was identified in tap water from Ostrołęka and in bottled water. The conducted studies have significant practical implications, for instance in sanitary and epidemiological water evaluation and in medicine in the context of analysing the quality of drinking water in reference to health resorts and nosocomial infections.

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