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Effectiveness of selected disinfectants on Malassezia pachydermatis

100%

Vyrostkova J., Conkova E., Laciakova A., Pipova M.

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

|

2012

|

tom 15

|

nr 3

The present study investigated the effectiveness of three different disinfectants: preparation H1 (two-component preparation based on hydrogen peroxide); Pedox (multi-component preparation based on peroxyacetic acid) and Savo hypochlorite preparation) against Malassezia pachydermatis. The antifungal activity of disinfectants was tested by quantitative suspension method according to STN EN 1650. The results confirmed 100% effectiveness of these disinfectants at all concentrations and exposure times tested.

2

Anaerobic treatment of industrial wastewater by UASB reactor integrated with chemical oxidation processes; an overview

75%

Yasar A., Tabinda A. B.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

|

2010

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tom 19

|

nr 5

In order to upgrade the quality of anaerobically treated effluent to a level recommended for irrigation, integration of a UASB reactor with UV and AOPs (advanced oxidation processes) (Ozone, H2O2/UV, Fenton, and photo-Fenton) could be a better option for almost complete colour, COD removal, and disinfection of pathogens. High efficiency of the UASB can be maintained by proper process conditions, including temperature, sludge age, pH, hydraulic retention time, and gas-liquid-solid separator (GLSS) design. A fraction of the COD and colour is usually non-biodegradable and renders difficulty for anaerobic digestion. AOPs degrade the organic molecules and converting completely the organic compounds to non-toxic components such as CO2 and/or water. As far as disinfection is concerned, advanced oxidation processes are proved to be extremely effective in killing pathogens (total coliform, fecal coliform, fecal streptococci, salmonella, and E. coli) due to their strong oxidative characters. Although AOPs effectively accomplish pathogen elimination, re-growth of pathogenic microorganisms can take place in the treated effluent. Re-growth potential of pathogens provides helpful information about the quality of the treated water, which is very important in all possible reuse options. The combined application of AOPs with anaerobic treatment minimizes the chances of regrowth due to irreparable damage to nucleic acid. This review paper focuses primarily on the process conditions and treatment efficiency for UASB treatment systems, and to evaluate the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) as an option for post treatment.

3

Ammonia disinfection of corn grains intended for ethanol fermentation

75%

Broda M., Grajek W.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Technologia Alimentaria

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2009

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tom 08

|

nr 4

33-38

Background. Bacterial contamination is an ongoing problem for commercial bioethanol plants. It concerns factories using grain and also other raw materials for ethanol fermentation. Bacteria compete with precious yeasts for sugar substrates and micronutrients, secrete lactic and acetic acids, which are toxic for yeast and this competition leads to significant decrease of bioethanol productivity. For this study, bacterial contamination of corn grain was examined. Then the grain was treated by ammonia solution to reduce microbial pollution and after that the microbiological purity of grain was tested one more time. Disinfected and non-disinfected corn grains were ground and fermentation process was performed. Microbiological purity of this process and ethanol yield was checked out. Material and methods. The grain was disinfected by ammonia solution for two weeks. Then the grain was milled and used as a raw material for the ethanol fermentation. The fermentation process was carried out in 500-ml Erlenmeyer flasks. Samples were withdrawn for analysis at 0, 24, 48, 72 hrs. The number of total viable bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, acetic acid bacteria, anaerobic bacteria and the quantity of yeasts and moulds were signified by plate method. Results. Ammonia solution effectively reduces bacterial contamination of corn grain. Mash from grain disinfected by ammonia contains less undesirable microorganisms than mash from crude grain. Moreover, ethanol yield from disinfected grain is at the highest level. Conclusions. The ammonia solution proved to be a good disinfection agent for grain used as a raw material for bioethanol fermentation process

4

The effectiveness of photocatalytic ionisation disinfection of filter materials

75%

Pietrzak K., Gutarowska B.

Polish Journal of Microbiology

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2013

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tom 62

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nr 2

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of photocatalytic ionisation as a disinfection method for filter materials contaminated by microorganisms, and to assess how air relative humidity (RH), time and microbe type influence the effectiveness of this disinfection. In the quantitative analysis of a used car air filter, bacterial contamination equalled 1.2×10⁵ cfu/cm² , fungal contamination was 3.8×10⁶ cfu/cm² , and the isolated microorganisms were Aspergillus niger, Bacillus megaterium, Cladosporium herbarum, Cryptococcus laurenti, Micrococcus sp., Rhodotorula glutinis and Staphylococcus cohnii. In the model experiment, three isolates (C. herbarum, R. glutinis, S.cohnii) and 3 ATCC species (A. niger, E.coli, S. aureus) were used for photocatalytic ionisation disinfection. The conditions of effective photocatalytic ionisation disinfection (R≥99.9%) were established as 2–3 h at RH=77% (bacteria) and 6–24 h at RH=53% (fungi). RH has an influence on the effectiveness of the photocatalytic disinfection process; the highest effectiveness was obtained for bacteria at RH=77%, with results 5% higher than for RH=49%. The studies show that the sensitivity of microorganisms to photocatalytic ionisation disinfection is ordered as follows: Gram-positive bacteria (S.cohnii, S. aureus), Gram-negative bacteria (E.coli), yeasts (R. glutinis), and moulds (C. herbarum, A. niger). Of all the mathematical models used for the description of death dynamics after photocatalytic ionisation disinfection, the Chick-Watson model is the most useful, but for more resistant microorganisms, the delayed Chick-Watson model is highly recommended. It therefore seems, that the presented disinfection method of photocatalytic ionisation can be successfully used to clean filtration materials.

5

Efficiency of gaseous ozone in disinfection of mushroom growing rooms

75%

Szumigaj-Tarnowska J., Szafranek P., Ulinski Z., Slusarski C.

Journal of Horticultural Research

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2020

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tom 28

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nr 2

6

The application of nanometal colloids in plant in vitro culture

75%

Bocian K., Tomaszewska-Sowa M.

BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology

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2015

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tom 96

|

nr 1

7

Neutralization efficiency of alcohol based products used for rapid hand disinfection

75%

Chojecka A., Tarka P., Kierzkowska A., Nitsch-Osuch A., Kanecki K.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2017

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tom 68

|

nr 4

Background. Alcohols are the most commonly used active substances in preparations for quick hand disinfection. They should be bactericidal in very short contact time. PN-EN 13727 + A2: 2015-12 standard, for testing hygienic and surgical handrub disinfection preparations, provides mandatory test conditions of disinfectants in contact times with the range of 30 s to 60 s (hygienic handrub disinfection) and 60 s to 5 min (surgical handrub disinfection). A short contact times for hand hygiene products require a short time of neutralization process. For contact times less than or equal to 10 minutes, the estimated neutralization time is 10 s ± 1 s. Neutralization is a process that abolishes the action of disinfectants. Correct application of this process allows for proper use of disinfectants in practice and its biocidal effect. Objectives. Verification of the effectiveness of 10-second neutralization time of alcohol based preparations for hygienic handrub disinfection. Materials and Method. Neutralization of two products with different ethanol content (89% and 70%) for hygienic handrub disinfection according to PN-EN 13727 + A2: 2015-12 was investigated. The effectiveness of the neutralizer was assessed by determining toxicity of neutralizer, activity of residual effects of the tested products and their derivatives produced during neutralization (10 s) for test organisms (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442; Enterococcus hirae ATCC 10541; Escherichia coli K12 NCTC 10538). Results. The 10-second neutralization time was sufficient to eliminate the residual activity of products for hygienic handrub disinfection with differentiated ethanol concentration. The neutralizer used did not show toxicity to bacteria and did not produce toxic products with tested preparations after neutralization. Conclusions. The use of 10-second neutralization time allows in a precise way designate the contact times for hygienic handrub disinfection products.

8

Biochemical changes in the muscle tissue of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) disinfected by chloramine-T

75%

Tkachenko H., Grudniewska J.

Baltic Coastal Zone. Journal of Ecology and Protection of the Coastline

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2016

|

tom 20

Chloramine-T is a widely used disinfectant for the treatment of gill diseases of fish in freshwater, and more recently attention has turned to its use in seawater. However, despite the wide use of chloramine-T, few studies have examined its toxicity to fish. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to examine the effects of disinfection by Chloramine-T on the muscle tissue of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) using oxidative stress biomarkers (levels of 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and derivatives of oxidatively modified proteins) and biochemical enzymes’ activity (alanine- and aspartate aminotransferases (ALT and AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) to observe the its toxic effects. The endpoints obtained from this study will be useful to monitor the effects of disinfectant bathing with Chloramine-T for this species of fish. In the disinfectant group, rainbow trout (n = 11) were exposed to Chloramine-T in final concentration of 9 mg per L. Control group of trout (n = 11) was handled with water from basin in the same way as Chloramine-T exposed group. Fish were bathed with Chloramine-T for 20 min and repeated three times every 3 days. Two days after the last bathing fish were sampled to study. Our results showed that Chloramine-T bathing caused the decrease of the lipid peroxidation as well as ALT and AST activity and significant decrease of LDH activity (by 339%, p = 0.017) compared to controls. Chloramine-T markedly affects on lactate and pyruvate metabolism and resulted to decrease of LDH activity. Correlative analysis revealed that the lipid peroxidation level is correlated with ALT and AST activity in the muscle tissue of unhandled control group. In the muscle tissue of trout disinfected by Chloramine-T, LDH activity is correlated positively with ALT and AST activity. Thus, the skeletal muscles of fish play an important role in the processing of lactate through the gluconeogenic and glycogenic pathways including a greater potential for biosynthesis. Our studies indicated that Chloramine-T in dose of 9 mg per L could at least partly attenuate oxidative stress and can be used for prophylactic disinfecting treatment of rainbow trout. Oxidative stress and biochemical alterations could be effectively used as potential biomarkers of Chloramine-T toxicity to the fish in the warning signal for pharmaceutical exposure to aquatic organisms. However, more detailed studies on using of these specific biomarkers to monitor the disinfectant treatment in aquaculture are needed.

9

Ozone disinfection of feed wheat

75%

Nowakowicz-Debek B., Bojarczyk M., Krukowski H., Misztal-Majewska B., Wlazlo L., Trawinska B.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio EE: Zootechnica

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2013

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tom 31

|

nr 1

10

Bactericidal, fungicidal and virucidal properties of nanosilver. Mode of action and potential application. A review

75%

Chmielowiec-Korzeniowska A., Krzosek L., Tymczyna L., Pyrz M., Drabik A.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio EE: Zootechnica

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2013

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tom 31

|

nr 2

11

An evaluation of the disinfectant value of Cagrosept in controlling chalkbrood

75%

Pohorecka K., Skubida P.

Pszczelnicze Zeszyty Naukowe

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2000

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tom 44

|

nr 2

12

Occurrence of chlorite, chlorate and bromate in disinfected swimming pool water

75%

Michalski R., Mathews B.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2007

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tom 16

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nr 2

Swimming pool water treatment in general includes flocculation, sand filtration and subsequent disinfection. Chlorite, chlorate and bromate are disinfection by-products of swimming pool water treated by chlorine species or ozone. They are responsible for adverse effects on human health and their analyses in swimming pool water are necessary. The simply and fast suppressed ion chromatography simultaneous separation and conductivity determination of chlorite, chlorate, bromate, fluoride, chloride, nitrate, bromide, phosphate and sulfate in disinfected swimming pool water has been described. The separation was performed on an anion-exchange column with 1.0 mM Na₂CO₃ + 3.2 mM NaHCO₃ as eluent, and determination by suppressed conductivity detection. Chlorite has been found in 5 analyzed samples, chlorate in all of them, and bromate in the 2 samples originated from ozonated swimming pool water. Ions were analyzed in the wide concentrations range from 0.05 mg L⁻¹ (bromate) up to 300 mg L⁻¹ (chloride, sulfate). Linearity of disinfection by-products was checked up to 2.0 mg/L (chlorite), 30 mg L⁻¹ (chlorate) and 0.5 mg L⁻¹ (bromate) with a 50 μL injection loop (r²= 0.9966 – 0.9985), respectively. Fluoride, chloride, nitrate, bromide, phosphate, and sulfate did not interfere with target anions. The detection limits of ClO₂⁻, ClO₃⁻ and BrO₃⁻ were on the levels: 0.19 mg L⁻¹, 0.69 mg L⁻¹ and 0.006 mg L⁻¹, respectively. The mean recoveries of target anions for spiked samples were 85% – 110% and coefficient of variation of analyzed anions do not exceed 4.72%. The concentrations of inorganic disinfection by-products differ from 0.31 mg L⁻¹ up to 31.92 mg L⁻¹.

13

Evaluation of indicator bacteria removal in wastewater treatment processes

75%

Olanczuk-Neyman K., Stosik-Fleszar H., Mikolajski S.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2001

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tom 10

|

nr 6

The results of elimination of total coliforms, E.coli and enterococci from wastewater during mechanical-chemical treatment as well as biological treatment operated in the MUCT system in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant are presented. It was proved that the change of treatment technology resulted in improving bacteria removal efficiency - reduction of the number of total coliforms increased from 0.9 log(10) to 2.5 log(10) and E. coli from 1.0 log(10) to 2.3 log(10). The UV disinfection of effluent from the MUCT system allowed for further reduction of the number of bacteria to 3.4 log(10) when the dose of UV radiation equal to 40 mWs/cm(2) was applied and to 3.8 log(10) at the dose of 52 mWs/cm(2). The geometric mean number of bacteria in the effluent after UV disinfection with the dose 40 mWs/cm(2) was below 50/100 ml of total coliforms, 15/100 ml of E.coli and approximately 30/100 ml of enterococci.

14

Application of the electroactivation method for the disinfection and the increasing of transparence of waste water of farming production origin

75%

Bondarenko N., Gak E., Shapkin M., Chistyakov L.

International Agrophysics

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1994

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tom 08

|

nr 4

15

Antifungal efficacy of hydrogen peroxide in dental unit waterline disinfection

75%

Szymanska J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

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2006

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tom 13

|

nr 2

The concentration and composition of fungal flora in dental unit waterlines (DUWL) were evaluated. For this purpose, water samples from unit reservoirs and high-speed handpieces, and biofilm samples from the waterline walls from units were collected. Subsequently, analogous samples from DUWL were taken before and after disinfection using agent containing hydrogen peroxide. In the examined samples, the yeast-like fungi Candida albicans, Candida curvata and Geotrichum candidum were found. The following species of mould were also identified: Aspergillus amstelodami, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus glaucus group, Aspergillus (=Eurotium herbariorum) repens, Citromyces spp., Penicillium (glabrum) frequentans, Penicillium pusillum, Penicillium turolense and Sclerotium sclerotiorum (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) . Before disinfection, Candida curvata and Candida albicans constituted the greatest proportion of the total fungi in the reservoirs water; in the water of handpieces - Candida albicans and Aspergillus glaucus group; and in the biofilm samples - Aspergillus glaucus group and Candida albicans. After disinfection, in all 3 kinds of samples, Candida albicans prevailed, constituting from 31.2-85.7% of the total fungi. The application of agent containing hydrogen peroxide caused a significant decrease both in the number of total fungi and individual fungal species, which confirms the product effectiveness in fungal decontamination of DUWL.

16

Halomethanes and organic pollutants in drinking water after disinfection

75%

Bake M., Pastare S., Zilbere U., Pastare I.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

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2002

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tom 28

|

nr 4

17

Influence of teats disinfection before milking on the bacterial contamination of the skin of teats and bulk tank milk

75%

Siugzdaite J., Miseikiene R., Stankevicius H., Tacas J., Tusas S.

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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2005

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tom 61

|

nr 02

18

Disinfection of eggshells contaminated with Salmonella enteritidis

63%

Aksu H., Bostan K., Aydin A., Yildirim M., Keles O.

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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2006

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tom 62

|

nr 06

641-643

The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of various disinfectants on Salmonella enteritidis inoculated on eggshells. The contaminated eggs were treated with two different disinfectant solutions (benzalkonium chloride (BAG) and benzalkonium chloride / gluteraldehyde combination (BAC/G)) for 5 and 15 minutes. Following the treatment and storage at room temperature, the shells and their content were examined for S. enteritidis on days 7, 14, and 21. The results indicate that S. enteritidis may remain viable on the shells of non-disinfected eggs for a long period of time, and may penetrate into the edible portions of the egg during this period. Treating the eggs with a combination of benzalkonium chloride / gluteraldehyde for 15 minutes may probably safely eliminate the danger of S. enteritidis contamination.

19

Nowy biocyd do dezynfekcji zawartości ekstraktorów

63%

Tomordi M., Nemerth L.

Gazeta Cukrownicza

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1988

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tom 96

|

nr 08-09

20

Oxidative stress biomarkers in the heart and liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) upon disinfection by formalin

63%

Tkachenko H., Grudniewska J.

Baltic Coastal Zone. Journal of Ecology and Protection of the Coastline

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2017

|

tom 21

To evaluate the effect of formalin disinfection on the oxidative stress biomarkers in the cardiac and hepatic tissue, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) were assigned into test and control groups. The test group was disinfected by formalin in final concentration 200 mL per m3. Fish were bathed for 20 min, three times, every 3 days. Two days after the last bathing fish were sampled. 2-Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and carbonyl derivatives of protein oxidative destruction, as well as antioxidant defense biomarkers (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase activity, total antioxidant capacity) were determined. The formaldehyde- exposed animals showed decrease of aldehydic and ketonic derivatives of oxidatively modified proteins and increased superoxide dismutase activity in the hepatic tissue compared to untreated group. In cardiac tissue, TBARS level, aldehydic and ketonic derivatives of oxidatively modified proteins were increased in formalin-exposed trout and down-regulated antioxidant status versus control group. It could be concluded that the disinfection of rainbow trout by formalin not contributed to the hepatic injury and may not be toxic. Toxic effect to cardiac tissue was more considerable.

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