Wyniki wyszukiwania

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The paradox of iron deficiency in industrialized countries and what to do about it

100%

Hallberg L.

Żywienie Człowieka i Metabolizm

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1990

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tom 17

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nr 4

Autor jest uznanym w świecie ekspertem w dziedzinie metabolizmu żelaza w organizmie człowieka. W artykule wykorzystując szeroko wyniki własnych prac badawczych przedstawił pogląd na przyczyny częstego występowania niedoborów tego pierwiastka w populacjach krajów uprzemysłowionych, a ponadto zaproponował metody profilaktyki. Pierwsza część artykułu dotyczy aktualnego stanu wiedzy na temat zapotrzebowania człowieka na żelazo w zależności od wieku, płci i stanów fizjologicznych (tabela 1). Następnie omówiono czynniki pokarmowe nasilające i hamujące wchłanianie żelaza. Do tych pierwszych należą kwas askorbinowy, mięso, ryby, produkty żywnościowe pochodzenia morskiego; natomiast do tych drugich fityniany, taniny, wapń. Z kolei przedstawiony został problem przyswajalności żelaza z różnych posiłków. Z badań autora i wsp. wynikają kilkakrotne różnice w przyswajalności tego pierwiastka, zależnie od równowagi pomiędzy czynnikami wpływającymi dodatnio i ujemnie na ten proces. W dalszej części artykułu autor koncentruje się na częstości występowania niedoborów żelaza w niektórych krajach europejskich (tabela 3) i przyczynach jej zróżnicowania. Biorąc pod uwagę dwie możliwości tego faktu odrzuca pierwszą, tj. różnice w zapotrzebowaniu, natomiast uznaje drugą, tj. różnice w spożyciu produktów, które bądź są źródłem żelaza bądź zawierają składniki wpływające na jego wchłanianie (tabela 4). Wreszcie w końcowej części pracy został przedstawiony pogląd autora na sposoby poprawy sytuacji w zakresie stanu odżywienia żelazem (tabela 6). Jednym z nich jest poprawienie wykorzystania przez organizm dostępnego żelaza pokarmowego. Tutaj w grę wchodzi zwiększenie spożycia produktów żywnościowych nasilających wchłanianie żelaza (warzywa, owoce, mięso, ryby). Drugim sposobem jest wzrost spożycia wchłanialnego żelaza. Wśród dostępnych możliwości autor dyskutuje zwiększenie wysiłku fizycznego, co pozwoli spożywać więcej żywności, poprawę posiłków (zwiększenie „gęstości odżywczej” w odniesieniu do żelaza, m.in. poprzez ograniczenie tłuszczu i cukru), zwiększenie poziomu dodawania żelaza do żywności, stosowanie lepszych związków żelaza do fortyfikacji żywności.

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Dietary sources of lutein in adults suffering eye disease (AMD/cataracts)

84%

Sulich A., Hamulka J., Nogal D.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2015

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tom 66

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nr 1

Background. Epidemiological studies indicate that by consuming 6-14 mg lutein daily, the risk of acquiring eye diseases like age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or cataracts becomes reduced. Their symptoms can also by such means be alleviated and treatment improved. Objectives. To estimate dietary intakes of lutein obtained from foodstuffs and supplements along with determining its main sources in selected groups of adults suffering from eye disease and healthy controls. Material and Methods. The study was performed in Warsaw and its neighbourhoods during 2008-12. Subjects were 375 adults aged 50-97 years, of whom half had been diagnosed with AMD and/or cataracts; constituting the test group. Dietary intakes of lutein were assessed by Food Frequency Questionnaire Method whilst interview questionnaires assessed the intake of supplements. Results. Overall, the average dietary intake of lutein from foodstuffs was 2.5 mg daily, with the test group being significantly higher than healthy controls (2.9 vs 2.1 mg daily). Women’s intakes were also higher than in men (2.9 vs 2.1 mg daily), as were those possessing higher or secondary education compared to the others with primary or vocational education (2.7 vs 2.3 mg daily). Fresh vegetables were found to be the main dietary sources of lutein that included green leafy vegetables and frozen vegetables, constituting respectively 63% and 13% of the dietary intake. Dietary supplements containing lutein were taken by 109 subjects of whom most had eye disease (over 80%); where the average daily consumption of lutein from this source was 6.5 mg. Conclusions. For older people, the dietary intake of lutein from foodstuffs may be insufficient to prevent eye disease. Taking daily dietary supplements would thus be indicated to make up such deficiencies of lutein.

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Evaluation of trapping methylglyoxal capacity of cereal extracts as anti-ageing dietary sources

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Morales F. J., Ullate M., del Castillo M. D.

Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences

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2011

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tom 61

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nr Suppl.1

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Total antioxidant capacity and its dietary sources and seasonal variability in diets of women with different physical activity levels

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Czlapka-Matyasik M., Ast K.

Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences

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2014

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tom 64

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nr 4

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Consumption of black and green teas as a dietary source of polyphenols in Polish inhabitants of the Mazovian region

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Drywien M., Podkowska J., Frackiewicz J., Gornicka M.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2015

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tom 66

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nr 1

Background. Tea is a very popular drink throughout many parts of the world, that includes Poland. The tea infusion (cup of tea) itself contains phenolic compounds with anti-oxidant properties that constitute 30% of the dry mass of tea leaves responsible for a health promoting effect on the human body. Objectives. To estimate the determinants and amounts of black and green tea consumed by a selected population group, along with their polyphenols intake from tea. Material and Methods. A survey was conducted of 281 subjects in 2012 from the Mazovian region of Poland, recruited from social-networking sites which had been sent a web application questionnaire (Mini-ankiety.pl). Results. Subjects were aged 18-56 years, of whom the majority (73%) were aged 21-30 years. City dwellers constituted 86%, whilst those remaining were from small towns (14%). Black tea was drunk by 80% of whom 39% did so daily, whilst green tea was drunk by 72% of whom 17% did so daily. Determinants affecting the amounts of tea drinking were principally gender, education, place of residence and number of household members. Women significantly drank more than one cup of green tea daily compared to men. Those with a higher education significantly drank more than one cup of black tea daily compared to those with lower education levels. Homeowning subjects with 2 household members significantly drank more than one cup of green tea daily than the others. The average daily intakes of polyphenols from black tea in those who drank so regularly was 503 mg and that for green tea was 361 mg. Conclusions. The main source of tea polyphenols was found to be black tea as this was drunk more often than green tea. There is a need for promoting more green tea to be drunk as a source of polyphenols.

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Haematological and hepatic changes in Catla catla fingerlings in relation to dietary sources and levels of gelatinized carbohydrate

67%

Yengkokpam S., Sahu N. P., Pal A. K., Mukherjee S. C., Debnath D.

Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria

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2005

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tom 35

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nr 2

Background. Dietary carbohydrate use is a priority in aquaculture because of its low cost and high availability, especially for herbivorous and omnivorous fish. Gelatinization is a process that improves carbohydrate use. However, excess dietary carbohydrate may cause metabolic stress and cellular changes as fish inherently use low carbohydrate. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of three sources of gelatinized carbohydrate (GC) on haematology and hepatic structure of Catla catla fingerlings. Materials and Methods. Six isocaloric (17.1–17.5 kJ ∙ g–1) semi-purified diets were prepared from rice, corn, or tapioca, each at 40 or 50% GC. Crude protein (CP) level was fixed at 35 and 25% for the low GC (40%) and high GC (50%) levels, respectively. Ninety Catla catla fingerlings were distributed in 6 treatments, each with three replicates, for a 60-day feeding trial. At termination, blood haemoglobin, RBC, WBC, and liver histology were studied. Results. Significant differences (P < 0.01) in haemoglobin, RBC, and WBC were observed among the different carbohydrate-fed groups at 40% GC level. With increased dietary GC level, hepatocyte hypertrophy and vacuolation was intensified. Maximum hypertrophy was noticed in the fish fed tapioca at 50% GC, with extensive cytoplasmic vacuolation. No mortality was found in any group at any GC level. Conclusion. No mortality of Catla catla fingerlings was observed due to feeding of high GC levels from corn, rice, or tapioca. However, hepatocyte hypertrophy was observed. Long-term feeding beyond 60 days may cause adverse hepatic cellular changes, but needs further research.

Ograniczanie wyników

2 Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences

2 Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

1 Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria

1 Żywienie Człowieka i Metabolizm

1 Ast K.

1 Czlapka-Matyasik M.

1 Debnath D.

1 Drywien M.

1 Frackiewicz J.

1 Gornicka M.

1 Hallberg L.

1 Hamulka J.

1 Morales F. J.

1 Mukherjee S. C.

1 Nogal D.

1 Pal A. K.

1 Podkowska J.

1 Sahu N. P.

1 Sulich A.

1 Ullate M.

1 Yengkokpam S.

1 del Castillo M. D.

2 2015

1 2014

1 2011