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How to define bioeconomy?

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. In this paper, a critical analysis of current bioeconomy definitions was undertaken. Having in mind all ways of defining bioeconomy, it is argued that at the core of this concept lies sustainable transformation of renewable biological resources by implementing innovation in products and processes that aim to meet both private and public expectations. The basis of such innovation is knowledge concerning life sciences.
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Comment on water potential definition

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The definition of soil water potential is based on the chemical potential of homogeneous medium. The assumption of homogeneity causes many difficulties to arise when such a definition is used for the description of highly heterogeneous soil medium. Another aspect discussed here is the basic of division of a soil water potential onto additive parts (pressure, gravitational, thermal etc.). It has been shown here that this division can be done when only one parameter of state changes, otherwise it is only approximation with possibly high error.
This paper provides the overview on Customer Relationship Management. Different theoretical approaches to CRM are included in the first part of the paper. It describes CRM development and compares main CRM teaching leading school. Second part of the paper presents the results of research based on Delphi method, which was aimed at finding actual CRM definition and core areas that might support company’s CRM, in order to build strong relationships with customers.
The article discusses the issue of negotiations. Its author presents definitions and basic conditions governing the course of negotiations, and characterizes the strategy applied in the agreement reaching process. Additionally, the article depicts key rules of negotiations based on the essence and the course of the very process of negotiations. The author underlines the importance of the development of a negotiation strategy, which should account for an alternative taken into consideration in the absence of agreement and pays attention to the most essential factors, which help to reach the negotiations’ objective.
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Background. In the face of unrelenting civilization threats and social challenges, the dynamic development of wellness & spa centers is observed. The aim of this work is an analysis to determine whether the 100 best Polish spa hotels satisfy the requirements of this type of company in light of terminology put forward by the International Spa Association (ISPA) and the European Spas Association (ESPA). Material and methods. Definitions put forward by ISPA and ESPA form the basis of assessment in this study. A method of diagnostic survey was applied. Results. According to the ESPA, only 41% of spas can actually be classified as such, compared to 61% according to ISPA. As many as 22% of the hotels surveyed do not meet the requirements of such enterprises for either ESPA or ISPA. Inconsistent definitions of ESPA and ISPA lead to chaos in the wellness & spa market. Conclusions. It is necessary to develop a Polish definition which clearly defines the criteria for the classification of spa facilities and the possibility of their verification from the point of view of quality and compliance with planned standards.
Subject and purpose of work: The article deals with the issue of risk mainly in banking activity. Different definitions of risk were reviewed as tools for risk management in banks and for regulatory activities by institutions. Materials and methods: The research material was taken from the subject literature and official documents of financial market institutions - international organizations, as well as foreign and domestic financial institutions. They were mainly legal acts, standards and guidelines/recommendations. Particular attention was paid to documents published by banking supervision authorities. Results: As a result of the study, the multiplicity of concepts and approaches were found to define and identify banking risks as the categorizations presented by regulators seemed to be a standard to apply in risk management practices. Conclusions: Among the risk categorization used by banks, the leading ones have been presented by supervisory authorities. Defining the types of risk in operations should be the first stage of the internal risk management process which is necessary for banks’ survival. Ensuring high quality of the implementation of the first stage determines the efficiency and effectiveness of the entire process. The decisive requirements set by European and national regulators with regard to banks’ application of risk categorization as part of the risk management system contributed to mitigating the phenomena related to the global financial crisis among banks in Europe.
Production Engineering – a new approach to management or a new discipline? The paper discusses the origins and the evolution of production engineering, which, in 2010, became a separate discipline of technological sciences. It outlines the definition of production engineering as formulated by the American Institute of Industrial Engineers, in 1989. Based on that definition, the body of knowledge referring to the product lifecycle is described and, next, 10 areas – the building blocks of the production engineering discipline are delineated. All of them are based on IT technological developments.
The article defines the phenomenon of public discussion and its place in democratic practices of public life. It presents various types of public discussion which are useful at spatial planning. The history of Polish legal regulations as regards the function and place of public discussion in spatial planning has been analyzed. The article contains conclusions proposing the necessary improvements of the provisions regulating the use of public discussions in spatial planning.
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Introduction. Sexual education is still a non-defined area concerning the sex life of man. It is perceived differently depending on the country and its culture. In Poland, it should be implemented as part of ‘Family Life Education’. Objective. The aim of the research is to present the opinion of male and female high school students concerning sex education. Materials and methods. The research was conducted in 2014 on 450 male and female high school students in two provinces of Poland: 225 students from the Stanislaw Konarski High School in Mielec, Podkarpackie Province, and 225 from the Zbigniew Herbert High School in Lublin, Lubelskie province. Results. Close to half of the surveyed participated in a class ‘Family Life Education’ (48%); however, 32% and 22.9% were not satisfied with the class. Poor aspects of the subject were observed by the great majority of students (70%). Most of the youths (68.9%) desire a more complex approach to the subject, to be led by a medical specialist (68%). Conclusions. The students stated that sex education as part of ‘Family Life Education’ class is not satisfactory. They demand a specialist, medical knowledge of human sexuality. Parents, who should constitute a major source of information, had considerable influence in the sex education of their children.
In the papers are characteristic informations about corporate culture, communication and motivation of the employees. In the next part of feature it describes and compares two plants in non-profits sphere and their communication and motivation between employees.
The market of academic services has been transformed many times lately as far as subjective and objective structures are concerned. This development is also related to higher schools operating in Poland. The following article deals with the comparision of different interpretations and definitions of the academic service quality. It also tackles its significant influence on the individuals' development. Furtehrmore, the influence of components distingushing the educational service quality in achieving complex aims of higher schools has been noticed.
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