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Lymphadenomegaly is the enlargement of the lymph node/nodes, due to various nonneoplastic or neoplastic processes, observed mainly in dogs, rarely in other animal species. The first step of a diagnostic procedure in cases of lymph nodes enlargement, apart from physical examination and morphological blood analysis, should be a cytological examination of an enlarged lymph node/nodes. The aim of the present study was to determine the character and the cause of the lymph node/nodes enlargement in dogs and to evaluate the usefulness of fine-needle cytology in a diagnosis of lymphadenomegaly. The study was performed on dogs submitted to consultation in the Small Animal Clinic of Department of Clinical Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, due to generalized or local lymphadenomegaly, and in which fine-needle biopsy was made. A signalement, general state of dog, the presence and duration of clinical signs, the character (generalized vs. localized) and intensity (mild, moderate or severe) of lympadenomegaly were recorded during physical examination. The average age of dogs examined was 8 years, 64 were males and 36 were females of various breeds; however the majority of them were greater than 25 kg in weight. The cytological diagnosis including most often lymphoma and reactive hyperplasia, more seldom metastatic neoplasm and lymphadenitis were recognized, some of the samples were considered nondiagnostic/nondefined. On the basis of the present results it can be concluded that cytological examination of good quality samples allows to obtain final diagnosis in over 90% of lymphadenomegaly. Higher incidence of canine lymphomas in males is suggested.
The miotic and meotic behaviour is considered to be one of the most dependable indices to estimate the potency of mutagen cytological aberrations in plants serve as an excellent monitoring system for the determination of mutagens that may cause a genetic hazard in the present study cluster bean contains 7 bivalents (24 = 14) for the present investigation the plant exposed to dolf concentration of 60, 80, and 100kr gamma rays and 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 % Mm ( EMS ) the present study reveals various chromosomal aberration includes stickiness precocisus movement ,single and anaphasis bridge laggards and synchronized movement of chromosomes at anaphase.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the tracheobronchoscopic, cytological and microbiological results of tracheal and bronchial collapse in dogs. In total, 8 dogs were included in the study. Clinically, tracheal palpations of the dogs were reflective of tracheal disease, and all dogs coughed on tracheal palpation. Vital parameters and hematological values of the dogs were within the normal ranges. Radiological views of the respiratory tracts and thorax were largely normal, but distinctive tracheal contours were noted in cases 3 and 6. Tracheobronchoscopy was performed under general anesthesia, and endoscopic findings (mucosal surfaces and color, prominent appearance of vessels, chondral ring abnormalities of the trachea, and the presence of bronchial and tracheal collapse) were scored. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed to collect samples for cytological and microbiological analysis. Five cases had tracheal collapse, and two cases had right bronchial collapse. Concurrent tracheal and right bronchial collapse were diagnosed in one case. Cytological results were not indicative of inflammation or infection, but Escherichia coli was isolated from case 2 (bronchial collapse) and case 3 (tracheal collapse). Antibiotic susceptibility results revealed that the organisms were susceptible to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. Statistically, there were no significant differences between the cases in terms of total endoscopic scores. In conclusion, tracheal and/or bronchial collapse should only be diagnosed by tracheobronchoscopic examination. Cytological and microbiological analyses of the BAL fluid in these cases do not always provide valuable data for clinical practitioners.
In the present study, we evaluated whether reproductive condition affects female reproductive behaviour in the induced ovulator Ctenomys talarum. We also explored the effect of the interaction with a male on the reproductive condition of females. To evaluate this, we arranged mating trials and evaluated female reproductive behaviour. Reproductive status of females was evaluated using a combined approach of vaginal smears, urinary progesterone and oestradiol, and ovarian histology. Behaviours denoting attraction (‘male sniff’ and ‘mount attempts’) and mutual courtship behaviours (‘spin’ and copula) were correlated with vaginal cytology before and oestradiol and progesterone levels in urine 12 h after male–female encounter. After 24 h of the interaction, oestradiol levels and vaginal epithelization increased while progesterone levels decreased in soliciting females. C. talarum females’ reproductive behaviour was related to its physiological reproductive state and vaginal cytology. The kind of male interaction, whether couples copulated or remained indifferent affected the later status of females. Females are induced ovulators by mating but male presence and interaction also affected other components of their reproductive physiology such as ovarian hormones and vaginal cytology.
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