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The frequency of applying of cut flowers to decorate graves in thirteen municipal or parish cemeteries in the city of Wrocław were estimated in years 1998-2000. In each cemetery 10 sample places with 50 graves were chosen. The research covered the species which occurred more than twice. It consisted of herbal plants and shrubs. Analysing the frequency of applying of plants, 129 taxa from 43 botanical families were estimated. The greatest number of taxa were used in Summer – 99, the next in Autumn – 61 and Spring – 50. In each cemetery, respectively, the same 20, 14 and 17 taxa were applied. In Spring the most frequently graves were decorated with: Salix caprea, Tulipa sp., Forsythia cultivars, Narcissus cultivars, Dendranthema grandiflora – spray cultivars, in Summer – Dendranthema grandiflora – spray cultivars, Gypsophilla paniculata, Callistephus chinensis, Campanula glomerata, Lilium cultivars, and in Autumn – Dendranthema grandiflora, Dendranthema grandiflora – garden cultivars, Dahlia pinata, Gladiolus cultivars, Crocosmia crocosmiflora.
Turkey, being a bridge between Asia and Europe, is a critically important country owing to its ecological advantages including a wealth of herbal flora. Despite this, ornamental plant production which began in 1940, has not developed as expected. In 2003, the total value of agricultural products was 32 billion Euros. However, ornam­ental plant production value was 276 million Euros in Turkey. In other terms, the portion of the ornamental plants sector in the total agricultural production value was 0.9%. On the other hand, the total exports of ornamental plants amounted to US $35.6 million in 2005. This document will analyze the structural problems of Turkey's ornamental plants sector with respect to the E.U. standards and discuss regulatory implications.
In years 2005-2007 the usefulness of Allium christophii TRAUTV., A. neapolitanum CIRILLO, A. ’Purple Sensation’ and Nectaroscordum siculum (UCRIA) LINDL. was assessed for delayed culture for cut flowers, and of A.’ Ivory Queen’ as a potted plant. The bulbs were forced in the greenhouse in two years, from the first half of May (8 May 2005, 4 May 2006 and 11 May 2007) and from the first half of June (5 June 2005, 1 June 2006 and 8 June 2007). Allium ’Purple Sensation’ and N. siculum were forced only in 2007. In autumn and winter the bulbs were kept indoors at a temperature of 20°C. Then, 16 and 18 weeks before the start of forcing, the bulbs were planted and cooled indoors at 5°C and 2°C. An exception was A. neapolitanum, whose bulbs were first dry-cooled and then planted 4 weeks before transferring them to the greenhouse. On the basis of obtained results, it can be stated that the taxa useful in delayed culture for cut flowers include A. christophii and A. neapolitanum, and A. ’Ivory Queen’ as a potted plant. Cooling of the bulbs should last 18 weeks and start in the first half of May.
The effect of benzyladenine on Astilbe × arendsii Arends flowering was determined. The cultivation of Astilbe × arendsii in an unheated plastic tunnel reduces the inflorescence yield in the first and second year of flowering as compared to the field, but increases the fresh weight and lenght of inflorescence stems.
The study focused on the influence of benzyladenine (BA) on the flowering of Liatris spicata L.‘Alba’ cultivated for two years in an unheated plastic tunnel and in the field. Benzyladenine at a concentration of 0, 100, 200, 400 mgdm-3 was applied on the leaf twice during both years of the experiment. It was noted that cultivation of Liatris spicata L.’Alba’ in an unheated plastic tunnel leads to the growth of longer inflorescence stems with a bigger fresh weight and a larger number of primary shoots. However, in comparison with control plants, it decreases the yield of inflorescence stems in the first and second year of the plants’ flowering. It is benefi cial to apply benzyladenine at a concentration of 400 mg x dm-3 on the leaves of Liatris spicata L. ‘Alba’ cultivated in an unheated plastic tunnel, because this treatment increases the number and fresh weight of inflorescence stems as well as the number of primary shoots in the first and second year of the plants’ flowering. It is also justifi ed to apply benzyladenine at a concentration of 400 mgdm-3 on Liatris spicata L. ‘Alba’ cultivated in the field, as it leads to a greater number and fresh weight of inflorescence stems in the first and second year of flowering.
Poddano obserwacji cięte pędy kwiatostanowe tawułki Arendsa (Astilbe × arendsii Arends ‘Amethyst’) z dwoma liśćmi. Kwiatostany kondycjonowano przez okres 2 i 6 godzin w roztworach BA i GA₃ w stężeniu 100, 200 i 400 mg‧dm⁻³, a następnie umieszczano w roztworze 8-HQC w stężeniu 200 mg‧dm⁻³ z dodatkiem 2% sacharozy (S) lub w pożywce Chrysal Professional 2®. Kontrolą były pędy umieszczone w wodzie destylowanej, a następnie wstawione do wody wodociągowej. Stwierdzono, że kwiaty kondycjonowane w benzyloadeninie są trwalsze od kondycjonowanych w kwasie giberelinowym. Benzyloadenina w stężeniu 400 mg‧dm⁻³ stosowana w formie 2- i 6-godzinnego kondycjonowania 2-krotnie przedłuża trwałość pędów kwiatostanowych tawułki Arendsa ‘Amethyst’, jeśli po kondycjonowaniu podda się je ciągłemu działaniu 8-HQC + 2% S. Kondycjonowanie pędów w kwasie giberelinowym o stężeniu 100 mg‧dm⁻³ przez 6 godzin, a następnie przechowywanie w 8-HQC + 2% S zwiększa ich trwałość o 41%. Trwałość pędów niekondycjonowanych skutecznie przedłuża Chrysal Professional 2®.
Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) is an ornamental bulbous plant and a famous cut flower in tropical and subtropical regions. Post-harvest senescence of the cut flowers is the main factor limiting the marketability of most of these species including tuberose. From the perspective of metabolic changes, senescence happens as the result of oxidative processes induced by active oxygen species production. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and salicylic acid (SA) are compounds with some functions in the post-harvest physiology of some plants. The present study focused on the effect of GABA and SA on vase life and some post-harvest traits of cut tuberose flowers. The plants were sprayed with GABA (5, 10, or 15 mg L–1) and SA (50, 100, or 150 mg L–1) at three stages during growth and before harvest in a greenhouse (30, 45, and 60 days after the planting of the bulbs) and were observed after harvest until senescence. Results showed that GABA and SA positively affected the vase life, water uptake, fresh weight, ion leakage, total dissolved solids, chlorophyll, protein, and catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase enzymatic activity. They postponed senescence. The highest and lowest vase lives were observed in plants treated with 10 mg L–1 GABA (11 days) and control (distilled water) (7 days), respectively. It was found that the treatment of tuberose with GABA and SA during growth can improve its post-harvest quality. However, it is recommended to conduct further studies on them.
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