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The present paper shows the results of a study on the effect of freeze and thermal drying on the content of organic acids and flavonoids in fruit of European cranberry (Oxycoccus palustris Pers.). They indicate a significant effect of drying conditions on the content of the above mentioned active compounds. In lyophilized fruit, distinctly more organic acids but less flavonoids were found than in fruit dried at a temperature of 35–400 C. The largest relative differences were observed in the case of ascorbic acid. Its content in the fruit dried at high temperature, compared to the lyophilized material, was lower by a mean value of 5 mg/100 g of dry matter (DM), that is, by 42% on the average. With regard to the other organic acids (quinic, citric and malic acids), the average difference was 0.9–2.1 g/100 g DM (14–17%). The mean flavonoid content in the thermally dried fruit was larger by 34 mg/100 g DM (converted into hyperoside) and 24 mg/100 g (converted into quercetin), that is on average by 19% as compared to freeze-dried samples.
Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. –the cranberry of the Ericaceae family is cultivated mostly on high peat bogs. In Poland exist a good climatical conditions and considerable acreage of acid soils for cranberry growing. Cranberries can be consumed solely after processing, mostly as juice and sauce. Cranberries are beneficial for the human organism because they are a good source of vitamin A, B1, B2 , B6 and C, flavonoides, organic acids and other substances. Experiments on investigation of 6 cultivars of the American large fruited cranberries were begun in 2004 at the research plantation of Department of Genetics and Horticultural Plant Breeding in Felin, near Lublin. Seedlings were planted out at spacings of 50×50 cm in specialy prepared beds filled with sphagnum peat. During the experiments the following indices were evaluated: growth rhythm, length of horizontal shoots, number of vertical shoots per 1 m², number of flowers and berries per 1 m² in 4 – fold replications, weight of 100 berries and vitality of pollen. Over two years cultivars ‘Pilgrim’ and ‘Cropper’ had the highest yield (average 662 g and 611 g per 1 m², respectively). ‘Stankavich’ had the lowest yields of all 6 cultivars (average 95.5 g). ‘Pilgrim’ and ‘Cropper’ had the largest fruit size (average 1.55 g and 1.51 g, respectively), ‘Stankavich’ the smallest (av. 0.57 g), and ‘Le Munion’, Nr 20 and ‘Stevens’ were intermediate in fruit size. Interaction clone × year proved to be important in the case of such characteristics as: annual increment of shoots, number of flowers per 1 m², number of berries per 1 m² and weight of berries. The number of grains with alieve cytoplasm was the greatest in ‘Cropper’ and ‘Pilgrim’ cultivars.
The aim of this study was to determine fruit yield of Oxycoccus palustris under the climatic and habitat conditions of northern Wielkopolska (the Greater Poland region), depending on the type of occupied plant community. Total fruit number and fruit weight as well as average cranberry leaf size were determined on 33 plots with an area of 1 m2, located on 7 peatlands. On the study areas, European cranberry produced crops from 9.2 up to 242.0 g x m -2, which gives 92-2420 kg x ha -1. It has been demonstrated that on the peatlands of northern Wielkopolska O. palustris reaches its generative and vegetative optimum in the communities of the class Scheuchzerio- Caricetea fuscae, in particular in the community Sphagno recurvi-Eriophoretum angustifolii.
At the beginning a short characteristic of Ericaceae family is elaborated then the biology of seeds germination of Oxyccocus palustris Pers. is described. In this experiments, the optimal condition of ability of germination of Oxyccocus palustris Pers. was established. It was found that the light and variable temperature (30oC over 8 hours, 20oC over 16 hours) were optimal for analysis of Oxyccocus palustris seed germination ability. The results also show that the pre-sowing treatments (stratification) were significant to obtain a higher percent of germinating seeds in comparison to non-stratified seeds. The capacity of germination of Oxyccocus palustris Pers. seeds stored in unheated room conditions gradually decreased in the first year after harvest. The viability of Oxyccocus palustris seeds is very short. Three years after harvest time, the seeds do not germinate.
Isolation of RNA from plants rich in secondary metabolites using commercial kits often results in contaminated preparations which are not suitable for downstream applications. Although many specific protocols appropriate for plants with a high content of phenolics, anthocyanins and polysaccharides have been developed, these are often expensive, time consuming and not applicable to different types of tissues. This study presents a simple and efficient modification of RNA extraction from different types of tissues using two commercial reagent kits. By simple improvement, we routinely obtained high-quality RNA of the following plants: the blackcurrant bush, black chokeberry bush, pear tree, apricot tree, apple tree, hardy kiwi, tangerine tree, highbush blueberry and cranberry plant.
Scharakteryzowano pod względem zawartości związków fenolowych ogółem i antocyjanów oraz właściwości przeciwutleniających świeże owoce żurawiny błotnej (Vaccinium oxycoccus) i produkty przetworzone, jak: owoce mrożone metodą konwekcji oraz owoce suszone metodą liofilizacji. Uzyskane wyniki poddano analizie statystycznej stosując jednoczynnikową analizę wariancji z testem Duncana na poziomie istotności p < 0,05 przy użyciu programu komputerowego STATISTICA 6.0.
The qualitative and quantitative analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contamination in selected popular brands of fruit and herbal teas was performed using GC-MS method. Among all teas similar quality profiles of PAHs were observed. In all determined compounds 4 light PAHs (phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene) from the group of PAHs listed by EPA were predominant. From group of 15 PAHs, marked out for analysis by The UE Scientific Committee on Food, only benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, 5-metylchrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene and benzo[k]fluoranthene were stated, although, their levels were relatively low. Benzo[a]pyrene and the most carcinogenic PAHs, namely dibenzopyrenes, were not detected. Moreover, the GC-MS analysis revealed significant differences in contamination level of particular brands of teas among all fruit and herbal teas under investigation.
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