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Discussed aurochs remains consisted of fragments of various bones originating from various individuals. Only a few intact metapodial bones were included into material. Calculated correlation coefficients of the measurements of cattle metapodial bones indicate either lack of correlation or very low correlation between length of bones and breadth of epiphyses. Thus, sugestion by Bańbura (1992) that the previously presented results were significantly influenced by dependence of analised characteristics is unjustified.
Soil moisture datasets at various scales are needed for sustainable land use and water management. The aim of this study was to compare soil moisture ocean salinity satellite and in situ soil moisture data for the Podlasie and Polesie regions in Eastern Poland. Both regions have similar climatic and topo- graphic conditions but are different in land use, vegetation, and soil cover. The test sites were located on agricultural fields on sandy soils and natural vegetation on marshy soils that prevail in the Podlasie and Polesie regions, respectively. The soil moisture ocean salinity soil moisture data were obtained from radiometric measurements (1.4 GHz) and the ground soil moisture from sensors at a depth of 5 cm during the years 2010-2011. In general, temporal patterns of soil moisture from both satellite and ground measurements followed the rainfall trend. The regression coeffi- cients, Bland-Altman analysis, concordance correlation coefficient, and total deviation index showed that the agreement between ground and soil moisture ocean salinity derived soil moisture data is better for the Podlasie than the Polesie region. The lower agre- ement in Polesie was attributed mostly to the presence of the widespread natural vegetation on the wetter marsh soil along with minor contribution of agriculturally used drier coarse-textured soils.
During ontogenesis an imbalance is observable in the development of the skeletal and vascular systems. By means of anatomical and radiological methods the gonadal veins were studied in relation to the vertebral column in 60 human foetuses of both sexes aged from 4 to 6 months of prenatal life. In male foetuses aged 4–5 months the origin of the gonadal veins projected onto the sacral apex (r₁ = 0.95, r₃ = 0.85), and in 6th month they extended below the vertebral column (r₁’ = 0.80, r₃’ = 0.90). In female foetuses the origin of the gonadal veins in the 4th month projected symmetrically onto S₁ (r₅ = 0.70, r₇ = 0.70). In the 5th month of intrauterine life the origin of the left ovarian vein was found at S₂ (r₇’ = 0.80) and the origin of the right one at S₁–S₂ (r₅’ = 0.80). In the 6th month the origin of the left ovarian vein was located at S₃ (r₇’’ = 0.80) and the right one at S₂–S₃ (r₅’’ = 0.90). The skeletopic analysis of the origin of the gonadal veins demonstrated gender (the origin was higher in females) and syntopic (the origin was higher on the right side) differences (p ≤ 0.05). In foetuses of both sexes aged 4 months of prenatal life the termination of the left gonadal veins projected onto Th₁₂–L₁ (r₄ = 0.85, r₈ = 0.80) and in foetuses aged 5–6 months it projected onto L₁–L₂ (r₄’ = 0.90, r₈’ = 0.95). In both sexes the termination of the gonadal veins on the right side projected constantly onto L₂ (r₂ = 0.90, r₆ = 0.95) from the 4th to the 6th month of intrauterine life. The skeletopic analysis of the termination of the gonadal veins showed syntopic dimorphism (p ≤ 0.05) without gender differences (p > 0.05). On the right side the termination of the gonadal (testicular and ovarian) veins projected constantly onto L₂. On the left side the termination of the left gonadal (testicular and ovarian) veins apparently descended by one vertebra (pseudodescensus).
The effect of laser priming at different irradiation times on canola yield and its components under saline conditions were investigated. The results showed that laser priming had a positive effect on yield and its components and caused yield increase under saline conditions. Increase in salt levels had a negative and significant effect on seed yield, number of seeds per pod, number of pod per plant, pod length and plant height. The results showed that 45-min laser priming had the strongest effect on yield and yield components and reduced significantly the adverse effects of salinity.By contrast, laser radiation applied for 60 and 75 min, resulted in a dramatic decrease in yield and its components. Correlation coefficients between the attributes showed that canola yield had a positive and significant correlation with plant height, number of seeds, pod per main branch and lateral branches, length of pod and number of lateral branches. Effects of laser and salinity were significant on lateral branch pod length but not on main branch pods.
The present study deals with the statistical analysis of physico-chemical parameters and cyanophycean members of two pond water quality of Chidambaram, Cuddalore district (Tamil Nadu). The qualities of pond water were analyzed for six months. Eleven important parameters were included in statistical analysis. The qualities of pond water have been assessed by calculating mean, standard deviation and correlation coefficient. Correlation studies of hydrobiology with physico-chemical parameters revealed that the relationship between phytoplankton density in general and that of the specific groups are highly complex and often controlled by interactions of different factors. In the both pond water the correlation coefficient test revealed that cyanophycean members positively correlated with temperature, pH, CO2, alkalinity, hardness, nitrate, BOD and COD at 1 % and 5 % level significant, where as it is negatively correlated with acidity and dissolved oxygen. In the present study it can be concluded that the cyanophycean members are highly tolerant organisms. They prefer to grow at higher temperatures and in highly alkaline, BOD and COD waters. Hence they can with stand high levels of contaminated waters of Thillai Kali Kovil pond, when compared to Ilamiyakkinar Kovil pond.
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