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Winery corporations in Europe and in the world

86%
The global grape and wine market has been rearranged during the past 15 years. Over the course of events, as new world wines gained ground, further emerging countries joined in and the production of old world wines decreased, giving rise to a new era. It was affected by globalization that placed concentrated markets in an advantageous position. As a result, there is a growing emphasis on the formation of vine growth and wine production collaboration networks in case of both the new world and European countries, which are able to provide solutions to global challenges arising as a result of global wine market development. In European wine producing countries with great traditions, integration, necessary for the stable operation of the sector, was established much earlier, typically in the form of producer cooperatives. In new areas, concentration began later, thus forming clusters constituting an appropriate form in many cases. This paper examines the necessity of cooperation and overviews the advantages and drawbacks that can be obtained from it. It compares wine producing collaboration networks in European countries and areas overseas. The aim of the study is to find the most important attributes leading to success.
The paper examines the impact of trust in an agricultural marketing cooperative. The aim is to explore how the trust among members and between members and management affect the commitment of members towards the cooperative (group cohesion) and their satisfaction with the cooperative. Trust is examined from two dimensions: cognitive and affective. Our results have clearly proved that trust has a positive impact on group cohesion and satisfaction. According to the experiences, however, the impact of examined dimensions of trust is differentiated: the statistical models regarded the impact of affective dimensions on group cohesion and members’ satisfaction more important than the impact of cognitive dimension.
EU membership brought new challenges for the agricultural sector. The break up of large-scale cooperatives has been changing since the process of transformation. Agricultural cooperatives still cultivate 51% of agricultural land in Slovakia. The land is leased from the state to private owners. Property rights are not settled yet. This paper deals with the comparison of profit and loss in agricultural cooperatives and other legal forms of businesses in Slovakia. Ratios of liquidity, profitability, solvency and activity were used in this research. Discrepancies found between agricultural cooperatives and other corporate forms are discussed. Because of the loss in agriculture sector last year, reasons of origin are analyzed and recommendations are given for businesses to improve their financial performance.
It is already 4-5 years that the Armenian Office of USDA Marketing Assistance Project, is implementing in Armenia development project of cooperatives. Definite success is recorded in this field of activity. At present, in eight provinces, 23 consumer cooperatives are actively operating, in which are involved 1,800 farmers from 38 communities. 14 cooperatives are specialized in milk collection and marketing, and 9 in horticulture and vegetable growing. Local Extension and Research Groups and Farmer Field Schools are actively functioning among several established cooperatives.
Hungarian fresh vegetables and fruit sector underwent three essential restructuralization processes in the last two decades. One of the important components of the process was the change in official regulation, within which change in food quality and safety regulation was decisive. Analysis of the traceability system of Hungarian fresh vegetables and fruit sector was carried out on the basis of the TCE theory. The research was built on three primary researches: interviews with experts in official organization and in retail chains, as well a questionnaire surveys of producers' cooperatives and larger-scale producers.
In this paper an attempt is made to show the need of adjustment of co-operatives operating in rural areas and their new role in economic development. Firstly, general remarks are examined, including a notion of co-operative and a meaning of co-operative units and their share of national incomes in European countries. Secondly, using experiences European Union members as an example, selected changes in co-operative sector are considered for improving its role in the economic development.
Hybrid coordination systems (marketing cooperatives and contracts) are in place in agriculture to link smallholder farmers to the global agri-food value chains. With the framework of transaction cost economics, this study, however, is particularly designed to investigate the key determinants pushing dairy farmers to hybrids (marketing cooperatives and contracts), viz. spot market channels in the local food chains. A household survey of 415 smallholder dairy farmers was designed. Data collection was administered using trained enumerators. A multinomial logistic regression model was employed to analyze data and to identify the signifi cant determinants. The results indicate that high transaction costs and resource constraints were found driving farmers to cooperative engagement and contracts, implying that hybrids were found to be a solution to farmers’ constraints of access to information and institutional absence, as well as resource constraints. Policy makers and development partners are advised to strengthen cooperative societies and contract enforcement mechanisms. Providing information and resources to increase smallholders’ capacity with resources appear to be interventions which will enable the agricultural marketing system to properly function by serving smallholders in linking to the global food chains.
In Hungary the small farms play an especially important role in the horticultural sector, among others due to the formerly established market garden-farms, their part taken in the employment as well as the high production value per field unit. The main barrier to the development of small farms, enhancement of their size, updating their farming is the marketing difficulties, the lack of a steady absorbing market. In the European Union the vegetable growers are not supported as individuals but through producing and marketing organizations (PMO). In order to exploit the subsidies such organisations turned out in force in the past years, however the wholesaler concentration and the urge of expanding because of the change of marketing channels presents a further challenge for the farmers. In my study I am going to examine the changes having occurred in the product line, the extent of vertical coordination, the further opportunities for integration of farmers and their organisations on the basis of Hungarian experiences, own questionnaire surveys and personal consultations.
Small growers perform in fruit and vegetable sector in Lithuania, they cant compete individually. The co-operation in this sector is poor, and performing cooperatives can't significantly influence the market. There is no one PO or tentative recognised group of producers in Lithuania, though this situation makes the preconditions for co-operation development to growers. This paper helps to dispute the role of PO and make the patterns, which could appear under consolidation of growers. The recommendations cover the functioning agricultural cooperatives in Lithuania which can become a fundamental impulse to create 1-2 vegetable and severatives in Lithuania which can become a fundamental impulse to create 1-2 vegetable and several fruit PO.
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