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The objective of this study was to evaluate the color of unpackaged and vacuum-packaged venison during storage. Color parameters L*, a* and b* were assessed in vacuum-packaged samples after 72, 144, 216, 288 and 360 h of storage, and in unpackaged samples – after 72, 144 and 216 h. The total change in color ΔE* in comparison with the color of fresh meat was determined. The results indicate that the storage of unpackaged venison has an adverse effect on color, giving it a darker, grayish hue. The most profound changes were observed after 144 and 216 h of storage. Vacuum packaging of venison minimizes color change and has a long-term stabilizing effect for up to 15 days.
The aim of this work was to analyse the effect of pectin and glycerol concentration on colour, mechanical properties and water vapour permeability of pectin edible films. Pectin films were obtained from apple pectin film-forming solutions at concentrations of 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5%. Glycerol was added as a plasticizer at 30, 50 and 70% (w/w of pectin). Colour was measured in the L*a*b* system and total colour difference was calculated. Water vapour permeability at relative humidity differentials of 30-100% was measured at 25°C. Mechanical properties were presented as tensile force and elongation at break. Based on the results obtained, increasing content of pectin caused an increase in total colour difference, water vapour permeability and tensile force of ana-lysed films. Glycerol caused increasing elongation at break and water vapour permeability.
The aim of the study was to determine optimal pre-slaughter handling procedures (individual or group housing) for various slaughter cattle categories. Subjects were 842 Black-and-White Polish Holstein-Friesian slaughter cattle, classified into four EUROP categories – bulls up to 24 months of age (A), bulls older than 24 months (B), cows which had had offspring before (D), and heifers (E). Slaughter value, colour and pH characteristics of beef from these cattle categories were studied. Housing method had no significant effect on carcass composition. The pH48 of meat from grouphoused young bulls (A) and older bulls (B) was higher and the colour parameters were significantly lower compared to meat from individually housed animals of the two categories. No effect of preslaughter housing on the pH48 and colour parameters of meat was found for cows (D) and heifers (E). Abnormally high pH (>5.8) was much more frequent (over 63%) for meat from group-housed A and B animals than for meat from individually-housed animals (about 30%). Correlation coefficients show that pH48 was negatively correlated at P≤0.001 with colour coordinates L*, a*, b* and C* (-0.39, -0.24, -0.22 and -0.25, respectively). It can be concluded that conditions of pre-slaughter housing of cattle in the slaughterhouse significantly affected the quality traits of beef obtained from young bulls (A) and bulls (B). Hence, the pre-slaughter handling should be differentiated according to the sex of animals – it may be more economically justified, despite higher cost, to keep males individually while heifers and cows in groups, prior to slaughter.
The Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants has been carrying out a complex research related to application of natural dyes on fabrics. Colors of nature, obtained from various plants, have contributed to creating a collection of clothes produced from linen fabrics. The UV radiation can cause earlier skin ageing, burns and even skin cancer. The increasing hazard posed by UV radiation due to thinning of the ozone layer forces the textile producers to pay attention to providing textile products with barrier properties that would guarantee the protection against harmful UV radiation. The results of the studies proved that many fabrics dyed with dyeing plants using the original method developed at INF&MP are characterized with good or very good protection factors. Fengurek Trigonella foenum-graecum, coreopsis Coreopsis tinctoria L., knotgrass Polygonum aviculare L., India madder Rubia cordifolia L. the are represent group of plants with excellent UV properties.
This paper presents a review of the Polish and foreign literature concerning the storage and processing of edible mushrooms. Mushrooms are difficult raw materials for the processing industry: fresh mushrooms cannot be stored for long periods; moreover, during processing they readily change colour and texture. In order to guarantee acceptable quality of canned and processed mushrooms, fresh pilei should be kept at low temperatures. Before processing they should undergo preliminary treatment using substances preventing changes in colour and texture; the storage conditions for finished products must be appropriate to the processing method applied. The most frequently used methods of processing are: drying, marinating, sterilization and freezing.
Alpacas are known worldly for their very fine, luxurious fiber which is three times more hardy and six times more thermal than sheep fiber. Aside from fiber, alpacas are also bred for meat and used in the tourism and recreational industry and animal assisted therapy. Possibility of comprehensive use of these animals caused alpacas' popularity to grow immensely over the past few decades all over the world, also in Poland, where they adapted very well and have been bred since 2004. The objective of the analysis was to study the stocks of the Polish alpaca population, sex structure, also interesting was the inquiry of the distribution of various fleece colour. In Poland the majority of alpaca breedings are concentrated in voivodeships: Silesia, Podlasie and Wielkopolska. According to questionaire surveys carried out in 2012 on 9 farms, alpaca population in Poland numbers 651 and consists of: Suri (12%) and Huacaya (88%) which differ in coat type. In the surveyed population 86% consituted females and 14% males, in Suri population, 65% consituted females and 35% males. Alpaca fleece occurs in 22 natural colours, all shades of beige, brown and grey. Distribution of coat colour in the surveyed population, according to the method-oligically amended criterium was established as follows: white 58%, fair brown 12%, dark brown 9%, cream-coloured 6% and grey 6%, black 5%, multicoloured 4%. In the surveyed population of Huacaya alpacas the majority consituted white-couloured animals (63%), fair brown-coloured - 11%, dark brown-coloured - 8%, grey and black - 5% each, multicoloured - 3%. The Suri population was dominated by cream-coloured animals, whereas fair brown-coloured and dark brown-coloured cosituted 20% each, white-coloured - 12%, grey, black and mulitcoloured - 9% each. Results obtained can be considered satisfying compared with results obtained in Peru, where the biggest alpaca population is.
The effects of various technological steps and raw material inhomogeneity on the composition of pigments in paprika (Capsicum annuum) powders were studied by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), using gradient elution technique (various mixtures of water, acetonitrile and methanol) and diodearray detector. The standard deviation of the composition of pigments in the samples taken at different technological stages was lower than among the batches of raw material. This indicates that the technological steps have a negligible effect on the composition of pigments in paprika powder. It was further found that the raw material for the paprika powder manufacture could considerably be inhomogeneous even when harvested on the same field.
The article presents the attempt to establish connections between the shape of cones and the weight, number and colour of seeds coming from one stand. The author suggested choosing pine (Pinus sylvestris) seeds of the best cultivation characteristics before extraction, paying attention to the shape of cones, and after extraction basing on the weight and colour of seeds. In addition, the author studies the distribution of dark and light seeds on cone scales.
The research was undertaken to examine the effect of the addition of comminuted out roasted at a temperature of 100°C on the oxidative stability of comminuted meat products during their chill storage. It was demonstrated that values of the redox potential of oat-supplemented products were lower during 30-day storage period as compared to values obtained for the control product. The products enriched with a plant supplement were additionally characterised by higher colour stability than the control product. Values of TBA obtained for experimental meat products suggest that the applied oat supplement exerted a protective effect on fat, inhibiting its oxidation during storage of meat products.
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