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The fecundity of cod from the southern Baltic Sea in the late 1990s was estimated from 461 pairs of ovaries at the maturity stage IV (according to Maier′s scale). Number of eggs per female was estimated for different length, weight, and age classes of fish obtained from the ICES subdivisions: 25 (Bornholm Deep) and 26 (Gdańsk Deep). Absolute fecundity in relation to body length and age, as well as relative fecundity, showed no differences between the two subdivisions, whereas absolute fecundity in relation to body weight was slightly higher in females from the Gdańsk Deep. Absolute fecundity in relation to age showed a high variability, particularly among age classes 5 and older. Absolute fecundity of cod in the southern Baltic has increased slightly over the past four decades. Length at first maturity, i.e. length at which 50 % of females are mature, was estimated to be 40.2 cm for females from the Gdańsk Deep.
Background. The hitherto published records of the parasite fauna of Baltic cod, Gadus morhua callarias cover commercially-caught adult fish. The aim of this study was to determine the composition of the parasite fauna of young Baltic cod, the relevant infection parameters and to relate those data to published records on the diet of cod. Materials and Methods. This survey was carried out on 154 young cod, caught in May and June 2002 in the Gulf of Puck, the Baltic Sea, Poland. The fish were examined using standard methods applied in parasitology. Results. No external parasites were found. In the digestive tracts of 58 cod, 3 species of parasites belonging to 2 higher taxa (Nematoda and Acanthocephala) were found. The dominant parasite was Echinorhynchus gadi Zoega in Müller, 1776. The mean abundance ranged from 0.15 to 2.75. The prevalence ranged from 14.6%, in the smallest fish, to 66.7% in the larger ones. Only two acanthocephalan specimens of Pomphorhynchus laevis (Zoega in Müller, 1776) and five nematode larvae of Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802) were found. Conclusion. The parasite fauna of young Baltic cod is significantly sparser than in larger fish examined by other authors. It is suggested that the occurrence of the species found, can be related to the composition of diet available.
The nematodes were collected from livers of Baltic cod caught off the Gulf of Gdańsk. This paper consists of a description of the third stage larvae of Contracaecum osculatum (Rud.). This nematode is also pathogenic for man and its occurrence on the Polish coast has epidemiological significance.
Porównano zawartość rtęci w dorszach, śledziach i szprotach poławianych w południowej części Bałtyku w latach 1971-1997.
Existing coupled biophysical models for Baltic larval cod drift, growth and survival use idealised constructed mean prey fields of nauplius distributions. These simulations revealed the best feeding conditions for Baltic cod larvae longer than 6 mm. For shorter, first feeding larvae (between 4.5 and 6 mm) pronounced differences in growth and survival were observed, which depend on food availability and to a lesser degree on ambient temperature. We performed runs with an Individual-based Model (IBM) for Baltic cod larvae in order to demonstrate how natural variability in prey abundance influences the survival success of first feeding larvae. In the Baltic, this larval stage lives mainly between 20 and 40 m depth and feeds exclusively on the nauplii of different calanoid copepods (Acartia spp., Pseudocalanus acuspes, Temora longicornis and Centropages hamatus). Prey data obtained from vertically stratified samples in the Bornholm Basin (Baltic Sea) in 2001 and 2002 indicate a strong variability at spatial and temporal scales. We calculated larval survival and growth in relation to natural variation of prey fields, i.e. species-specific nauplius abundance. The results of the model runs yielded larval survival rates from 60 to 100% if the mean size of nauplii species was taken and lower survival if prey consisted of early nauplius stages only.
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