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One of the most popular food all over the world is chocolate and it has highly nutritious energy, fast metabolism and good digestibility. Nowadays, most important trend is healthy foods. Develop a chocolate product that will be be nutritional for many more people. It is well known that dried fruits has high nutritious values and health benefits. Dried fruits are good sources to developed chocolates. This paper aims to review health importance and usage of dried fruits in chocolate.
Antioxidant properties were studied by determining the ability to deactivate stable two chromogen radicals – 1.1-dipheny-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH.), [2.2’-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] (ABTS•+) as well as inhibition of reactions that yield peroxides in emulsions of linoleic acid and chelation of iron. The study demonstrated the influence of technological processing on changes in antioxidant properties of cocoa processed products. Cocoa beans were characterised by the highest whereas cocoa butter by the lowest content of polyphenols. This study demonstrated that the products under investigation exhibited antioxidant properties in relation to ABTS•+ and DPPH•. Extracts were more effective in scavenging ABTS•+ than DPPH•. Extracts from cocoa beans, cocoa mass as well as dark chocolate were characterised by very high capacity (at 100% level) to inhibit the formation of peroxides in emulsion systems. Dilution of extracts had an impact on the antioxidant properties of the products under investigation. Correlations were found between the total content of polyphenols in cocoa products and the ability of extracts to scavenge ABTS•+ and DPPH• as well as to chelate iron and inhibit peroxide production in emulsion systems.
Sensory evaluation of food is a growing science, which is of particular interest for typical products such as those having a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO). The fields of application are quite diversified, and include basic and specific characterization of the various typologies within the PDO areas, research of market sector preferences, quality control, instrumental technique verification, and the protection of “typicity” against imitations. This manuscript will concentrate mainly on two products: (a) virgin olive oil and (b) turrón. Virgin olive oil will be used as the model to imitate by other products in Spain, for example turrón. The International Olive Oil Council (IOOC) is the organism dedicated to look after the quality of virgin olive oil, which was the first food in Spain incorporating sensory criteria in its commercial classification. The IOOC provides readers with all information required to scientifically carry out sensory evaluation of olive oils. Jijona and Alicante turrón (semi-solid and solid products, respectively) are typical Spanish confectionery products made from toasted almonds, sugars and honey and manufactured in a traditional way. Up to date, turrón is commercially classified according to its almond content; however, this commercial classification does not ensure consumer with a high quality product. Now, the Regulating Council of the Specific Denominations Jijona and Alicante Turrón is working in the incorporation of sensory evaluation as the second quality criteria for its commercial classification, following the example of virgin olive oil.
Background. High intake of carbohydrates, especially simple sugars, by young adults is associated with the consumption of highly processed foods. This leads to the development of overweight, obesity and various somatic diseases. Identification of factors contributing to the increased consumption of this product group is a very important area of research in the field of public health. Emotional state may be one of such factors. This research aims at analyzing the relationship between consumption of selected groups of foods rich in carbohydrates and actual affective states on the one hand, and relatively constant emotional features on the other hand, in case of young adults. Material and methods. The study was conducted among 120 young adults aged between 18 and to 38 years old. The questionnaire research method, combined with prospective evaluation of diets technique, was used in the study. Two research instruments were used in the research: the scale of positive and negative feelings and food intake frequency questionnaire FQQ. Results. Our research confirmed the relationship between both affective state and relatively constant emotional features with consumption of selected products groups containing carbohydrates, especially simple sugars and glycogen, both in case of women and men. The said relationship has been demonstrated both in case of positive and negative emotions. The study did not confirm the relationship between affective state and consumption of chocolate. Conclusions. The observed relations can be used in the prevention of first degree, taking into account gender differences. It can also be used in potential therapeutic interactions, especially in the field of proper nutrition.
Celem prezentowanych badań było porównanie zawartości tłuszczu surowego i wybranych kwasów tłuszczowych w czekoladach dostępnych na rynku krajowym. Do badań nad zawartością tłuszczu i kwasów tłuszczowych w czekoladach mlecznych użyto 14 czekolad podzielonych na 3 grupy - bez dodatków, z dodatkami oraz z nadzieniem. Zawartość tłuszczu surowego oznaczono w automatycznym aparacie Soxhleta. Zawartość kwasów nasyconych i nienasyconych oznaczono metodą chromatografii gazowej. Najwyższą zawartość tłuszczu stwierdzono w czekoladach z nadzieniem (31,8%) i bez dodatków (28,9%). Suma kwasów tłuszczowych nasyconych była najwyższa (62,1%) oraz mało zróżnicowana w czekoladach bez dodatków. Wśród nasyconych i nienasyconych kwasów, zależnie od rodzaju czekolady dominowały kwasy, palmitynowy, stearynowy oleinowy i linolowy. Dodatek orzechów do czekolad miał wpływ na wysoką zawartość w nich kwasów oleinowego i linolowego.
Określono zawartość tłuszczu oraz skład kwasów tłuszczowych w 45 czekoladach (pełnych i nadziewanych) i 15 wyrobach czekoladowych, pochodzących od 19 producentów i zakupionych na rynku warszawskim w ostatnich dwóch latach. Stwierdzono dużą zmienność zawartości tłuszczu w badanych produktach (od 6,6 do 40,0%) oraz wszystkich grup kwasów tłuszczowych, szczególnie w przypadku czekolad nadziewanych i wyrobów czekoladowych.
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