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The field experiment was carried out in 2006-2008 in the Felin Experimental Farm (University of Life Sciences in Lublin) on podzolic soil developed from dusty medium loam. Root chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) var. sativum (Bisch.) Janch. cv. Polanowicka was involved in the experiment. The experimental factors were 3 species of intercrop plants: common vetch (Vicia sativa), phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia), oat (Avena sativa) and 2 dates of ploughing-in: pre-winter and spring. In total, 26 taxons characteristic for vegetable plantations were identified in chicory weed infestation. Monocarpic species dominated, among which Senecio vulgaris, Chenopodium album, Lamium amplexicaule, Galinsoga ciliata, and Capsella bursa-pastoris were predominant. The date of ploughing-in did not significantly affect the status and size of weed infestation of chicory plots. Short-lived species occurred after pre-winter ploughing-in, while perennial – after spring ploughing-in. The application of intercrops significantly reduced chicory weed infestation as compared to the cultivation with no intercrop. The ploughing-in of Avena sativa biomass appeared to be the most efficient. The intercrop plants reduced the occurrence of Senecio vulgaris and Capsella bursa-pastoris which were the most numerous in the treatment without intercrops. Biomass of Vicia sativa favored the growth of Chenopodium album and Lamium amplexicaule. The secondary weed infestation did not depend on agrotechnical factors applied during the experiment.
Cichorium intybus is edible, medicinal and forage plant. The pharmaceutical raw materials were obtained from wild chicory (var. silvestre). Currently, farmers are increasingly assume plantations of wild chicory, and breeders are attempting to produce cultivars for medicinal purposes. In the modern breeding of chicory important feature is the ability to clonal propagation in vitro culture. The aim of our study was to assess capacity of natural population of wild chicory for plant regeneration from leaf explants. In the first was examined the effect of 16 combinations of various concentrations of IAA and 2iP on the regeneration of shoots from leaf explants (0.5 cm2 ). After that, 25 plants were propagated on the medium which was found as optimal. Then, their callus growth and shoots regeneration capacities were compared. Later on, was examined the effect of various IAA concentrations on the rooting of shoots. The majority of the shoots was regenerated from callus but direct organogenesis was also observed (8%). Shoot regeneration was found to be the most efficient on MS medium containing 0.5 mg dm-3 IAA and 4 mg dm-3 2iP – 97% of the explants produced shoots, while the average number of shoots was 15.5. The amount of callus was found to be a highly heritable trait (h2 = 0.83). Lower the heritability coefficients were obtained for the number of shoots per explant (0.55) and the average shoot weight (0.40). The wild chicory shoots rooted easily. The number and weight of roots increased with the increasing concentration of IAA.
Pot culture experiments were conducted to assess the extent of growth, photosynthetic efficiency and nitrogen assimilation of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) as affected by NaCl and CaCl₂ alone as well as in combination. Six treatments, i.e., 80 mM and 160 mM NaCl, 5 mM and 10 mM CaCl₂ and 80 mM + 10 mM and 160 mM + 10 mM of NaCl + CaCl₂ were given to the growing plants separately at three developmental stages, viz., the pre-flowering (30 DAS), flowering (120 DAS) and post-flowering (150 DAS) stages. Each NaCl treatment caused a significant reduction in total plant biomass, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, total chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, NR activity and nitrogen content, although nitrate content increased. On the contrary CaCl₂ treatment gave a favorable effect, compared to the control. The effect of combined treatments was similar to that of NaCl but less in magnitude. Thus, the application of CaCl₂ may mitigate the adverse effect caused by NaCl.
Chicory of radicchio type is a vegetable similarly cultivated to head lettuce, yet featuring relatively longer plant growing period. Most of this crop cultivars characterize intensive red color of leaves and white leaves venation. Field experiment carried out in 2005–2007 involved cultivation, from transplants, of radicchio type chicory of ‘Indigo’ cultivar for autumn harvest. Seeds were sown at the end of June and seedlings were transplanted to their final stand in the first week of August. Chicory heads harvesting took place in the half of October and in its course there were estimated the following parameters: total and marketable yield, as well as, in edible parts, the content of .nitrates, macroelements, dry matter, reducing and total sugars and vitamin C. The highest marketable yield of chicory in autumn cultivation was provided by nitrogen fertilization in the dose of 150 kg N∙ha-1 , the whole amount applied once, previously to plant growing period. Intensive nitrogen fertilization contributed to higher amount of accumulated nitrates, potassium, calcium, magnesium, reducing and total sugars, as well as vitamin C.
Doświadczenie zostało przeprowadzone w latach 2005-2006 na polu Ogrodu Doświadczalnego Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego w Olsztynie. Badaniami objęto cykorię liściową odmiany A Grumolo Bionda. Cykorię uprawiano w dwóch terminach - wiosennym i letnio-jesiennym oraz dwoma sposobami - z rozsady przygotowanej uprzednio w szklarni oraz z siewu bezpośrednio na pole. Lepszym dla uprawy cykorii był termin wiosenny, kiedy to w stosunku do okresu wiosenno-jesiennego, uzyskano większy o prawie 19% plon handlowy. Zdecydowanie korzystniejszą metodą okazała się uprawa z rozsady. Uzyskano w ten sposób w stosunku do uprawy z siewu ponad 3,5-krotnie większy plon handlowy cykorii. Zawartość suchej masy, witaminy C, cukrów prostych i ogółem w liściach była większa w wiosennym terminie uprawy. Rośliny uprawiane z rozsady zgromadziły więcej suchej masy i witaminy C, natomiast uprawiane z siewu bezpośredniego więcej cukrów prostych i ogółem.
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