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The paper presents the range of changes in moisture content and compressive force necessary to crushing hulled wheat grain, soaked in water solutions of selected food additives. Absorption capacity and changes in the mechanical strength of the grain were determined, as affected by the time and temperature of soaking in three food additive solutions. The objective of studies was to evaluate the possibilities of modifying selected organoleptic features of wheat grain and possible use of the raw material prepared in such a way in other food products. Investigation results and their analysis have shown a close relationship between moistening conditions and the extent of changes in selected physical properties (moisture content, compressive strength) of the wheat grains. It was found that the grain moistened in natural juice of red beet absorbed water less intensively (in comparison to other solutions) the levels of final moisture.
Background. The transformation period in Poland is associated with a set of factors seen as ‘socio-economic stress’, which unfavourably influenced cancer treatment and slowed down the progress of the Polish cancer care in the 90’s. These outcomes in many aspects of cancer care may be experienced till today. The results of the international EUROCARE and CONCORD studies based on European data prove evidence that there is a substantial potential for improvement of low 5-year survival rates in Poland. Since high survivals are related to notably efficient health care system, therefore, to improve organization and treatment methods seems to be one of the most important directions of change in the Polish health care system. Till today, cancer care in Poland is based on a network outlined by Professor Koszarowski in the middle of the last century, and is a solid foundation for the contemporary project of the Comprehensive Cancer Care Network (CCCN) proposed in the frame of CanCon Project. Objective. Analysis of the structure of health care system and the changes introduced within the network of oncology in Poland since the beginning of the post-commuinist socio-economic transformation in 1989. Materials and Methods. This study was conducted based on the CanCon methods aimed at reviewing specialist literature and collecting meaningful experiences of European countries in cancer care, including the main legal regulations. Results. The analysis provided evidence that the political situation and the economic crisis of the Transformation period disintegrated the cancer care and resulted in low 5-year survival rates. A step forward in increasing efficiency of the cancer treatment care was a proposal of the ’Quick Oncological Therapy’ together with one more attempt to organize a CCCN. With this paper the Authors contribute to the CanCon Project by exploration, analysis and discussion of the cancer network in Poland as an example of existing net-like structures in Europe as well as by preparation of guidelines for constructing a contemporary CCCN. Conclusions. (1) ‘Socio-economic’ stress adversely affected the efficiency of oncological treatment, both by reducing safety and slowing down the development of modern oncology. (2) Changing the current system into the contemporary form - CCCN could be an important step forward to optimise the oncological health care in Poland. (3) Introduction of the mandatory monitoring of organizational changes with the use of health standardized indicators could allow for the assessment of the effectiveness of implemented solutions and their impact on better prognosis for cancer patients. (4) Optimising the organization of the health care system is possible only by implementing necessary legislative corrections.
This paper examines the changes in stocks of water in clay soils against precipitation and changes in the groundwater table. The study was conducted during the summer period (May-September) in 2001 and 2002. According to the Kaczorowska` s criteria (1962) the year 2001 was very wet, and the 2002 – average. In 2001, ground water table was at a depth of 0 to 190 cm below ground surface level, and in 2002, from 50 cm to 150 cm below the surface. Water storages in the root zone (0-35 cm) developed in 2001 at the level of 100 to 125 mm, in 2002, from 88 mm to 122 mm.
In the paper the hydrological conditions of a protected peatland are presented. Some changes of natural flora probably caused by the changes of water conditions, are observed in this area. Analysis indicate that there may be a number of possible causes responsible for the deterioration of aquatic and peatland systems. The lowering of the surface and ground water table was probably triggered by: Digging of ditches for the agriculture purposes. Their negative impact consists primarily in accelerating outflow of spring waters which under natural conditions remained for a long period on the surface of the terrain. Eutrofication of paludic and aquatic sites causing an increase in biomass production (higher evapotranspiration). Occurrence of a series of dry years with low precipitation and high temperatures. The analysis showed as well that it is often difficult to estimate the reasons of water condition changes in hydrogenic sites.
The objective of the presented study was to assess the dynamics of changes of the histological parameters of the following two pork muscles: the semimembranosus muscle (musculus semimembranosus) and the quadriceps muscle of the thigh (musculus quadriceps femoris) under the influence of curing, massaging and pasteurisation processes with the assistance of the computer image analysis. The analysis of the muscle structure was conducted on the basis of: the surface and circumference of muscle fibres, Feret’s H and V diameter, percentage proportion of muscle fibres and their quantity in the analyzed field of view. The fibre shape was determined on the basis of the H/V ratio. It was found that the quadriceps muscle of the thigh exhibited greater dynamics of changes of the structure elements in comparison with the semimembranosus muscle under the influence of injection and plasticizing processes. The injection of ham muscles resulted in the loosening of muscle fibres, rounding of their contours as well as in the increase of their cross section area. The pasteurisation process failed to cause changes in the structure of the quadriceps muscle of the thigh, whereas in the semimembranosus muscle, pasteurisation increased the cross section area and circumference of muscle fibres and their percentage proportion in the examined field of view in comparison with the massaged muscle. The applied pasteurisation process was found to even out cell dimensions and to decrease inter-cellular spaces in both of the examined muscles.
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