Researches on process of drying of cut celery by means of fluidising were a result of seeking for new methods of drying, which allowed achieving dry vegetables of the best quality. At the same time use was made of a theoretical model of drying of cut vegetables in the first period and simplified model in the second period. Verifying those models and setting their area of use researches showed that interior exchange of mass and heat is the most important in the exchange of water in this process. Their dynamics depend on initial drying rate in the first period. New model of fluidised-bed drying was proposed and it was positively verified for cut of celery.
Foliar application of growth regulators or fertilizers containing biostimulators can influence the uptake and accumulation of mineral elements by plants. A pot experiment carried out in two annual series (year of experiment I and II) examined the effect of various concentrations of Tytanit applied once or twice against mineral fertilization (NPK), in comparison with the control object (without fertilization) and the object with mineral fertilization (NPK), on the total content of potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium in petioles and leaf blades of celery. The experiment involved the application of various concentrations of Tytanit, ranging from 0.001% to 3.6%. The content of selected elements in the plant material was determined after dry mineralization, using the ICP – AES method. The total content of potassium in petioles of celery fertilized with NPK + 3.6% was higher or the same as in the control and in plants fertilized with NPK (I and II series). The results were similar in the case of leaf blades (except for series I). The highest concentration of Tytanit (3.6%) resulted in a reduction of the total calcium content in both of the tested parts of celery and magnesium in petioles, compared with the control. On the other hand, the total content of sodium increased along with the growth of the fertilizer concentration. The highest bioaccumulation of calcium was observed in celery cultivated in the object without fertilization (control). A significantly higher potassium content (mean from both series of research) and over two-fold higher content of calcium were found in celery leaf blades than in petioles, while a higher content of magnesium and sodium appeared in petioles than in leaf blades. The values of (K+Na) : (Ca+Mg) ratios in leaf blades were found to be over two-fold higher than in petioles of celery fertilized with Tytanit.
This work shows results of a celery root cut to pieces of a cube (10x10x10 mm) drying in a fluidizing bed. The course of water content changes in the celery root cut, depending on the bed height (from 4 cm to 20 cm) and drying air temperatures in range from 40°C to 80°C was tested. The temperature of the drying air has a significant influence upon the velocity of water content change in the bed. The analysis of airflow resistance changes depending on the resting layer height was carried out. The critical airflow velocity during testing for all height’s of the layer was 4.5 ÷ 4.8 m/s.
Carbohydrates are known as sources of immunological cross-reactivity of allergenic significance. In celery and in cypress pollen, the major allergens Api g 5 and Cup a 1 are recognised by antisera raised against anti-horseradish peroxidase and by patients' IgE which apparently bind carbohydrate epitopes; mass spectrometric analysis of the tryptic peptides and of their N-glycans showed the presence of oligosaccharides carrying both xylose and core α1,3-fucose residues. Core α1,3-fucose residues are also a feature of invertebrates: genetic and biochemical studies on the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, the parasitic trematode Schistosoma mansoni and the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans indicate that these organisms possess core α1,3-fucosyltransferases. Various experiments have shown that fucosyltransferases from both fly and worm are responsible in vivo and in vitro for the synthesis of N-glycans which cross-react with anti-horseradish peroxidase; thus, we can consider these enzymes as useful tools in generating standard compounds for testing cross-reactive carbohydrate epitopes of allergenic interest.
Alfalfa, tall fescue, ryegrass, and celery, some of which were inoculated with the AM fungus Glomus intraradices, were compared for their contributions to phenanthrene (PHE), pyrene (PYR), and dibenzo( a,h)anthracene (DBA) dissipation in spiked soil. A pot experiment was conducted in which PAHs extracted from soil and plant, quantity of PAH degraders, and plant biomass were evaluated. The results showed that biodegradation was the dominant removal mechanism for PAHs from soil while PAH accumulation in the plant tissue was negligible. PAH dissipation varied with the plant species and decreased with the increase of PAH molecular weight. The four plant species displayed a positive effect on PHE dissipation, and alfalfa improved PYR and DBA dissipation. AM fungi significantly increased plant biomass, phosphorus uptake, and PHE removal rate in planted treatments. Plant biomass and PAH degraders showed a weak linear relationship with PAH dissipation, indicating that there might be other important factors influencing PAH dissipation.
Określono wpływ ryzosfery selera na aktywność enzymatyczną gleb ogródków działkowych z terenów zurbanizowanych o różnym oddziaływaniu antropopresji. Obiektami badań były gleby strefy ryzosferowej i pozaryzosferowej selera w 6 ponad 30-letnich ogrodach zlokalizowanych w strefie śródmiejskiej, na terenach będących pod presją skażeń antropogenicznych oraz na obszarach peryferyjnych miast, o podobnych warunkach fizjograficznych, lecz nie poddanych bezpośredniemu oddziaływaniu czynnika antropogenicznego. Aktywność enzymatyczna gleb wykazywała duże zróżnicowanie w obrębie badanych terenów zurbanizowanych. Ocena nasilenia aktywności enzymów (dehydrogenaz, fosfataz, ureazy i proteazy) wskazuje na miejscowe oddziaływanie antropopresji. Obserwowana stymulacja aktywności enzymatycznej gleby w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie korzeni selera wskazuje, że strefa ryzosferowa stanowi naturalny filtr czyszczący środowisko glebowe z zanieczyszczeń dopływających z obszarów miasta.
W pracy wykazano stosunkowo wysokie możliwości plonotwórcze gleb murszastych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem uprawy selera. Określenie i próba oceny właściwości tych gleb powinny zwrócić uwagę na konieczność pozostawienia ich w rolniczym użytkowaniu. Badania przeprowadzono w latach 2000-2002 na terenie pola doświadczalnego Stacji Doświadczalnej Oceny Odmian w Szczecinie Dąbiu. Plon selera korzeniowego wynosił średnio 48,7 Mg·ha⁻¹. Plon korzeni i naci był zróżnicowany w poszczególnych latach. Za przyczynę tej zmienności plonowania uprawianej rośliny można uznać nierównomierny rozkład i ilość opadów w okresie wegetacyjnym.
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