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1

Vulnerability of sun and shade canopy leaves under natural environmental stresses

100%

Repkova J., Brestic M.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

|

2007

|

tom 29

|

nr 1 Suppl.

2

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Reed canopy transparency under different levels of diffuse radiation

100%

Harenda K., Piatyszek M., Chojnicki B. H.

Acta Agrophysica

|

2015

|

tom 22

|

nr 4

Diffused solar radiation increases ecosystem productivity. One of the explanations for this phenomenon is the fact that this type of radiation penetrates the vegetation layer more efficiently, thus changing radiation conditions under the plant canopy. The study of reed transparency under different radiation diffusion conditions makes it possible to estimate the amount of radiation energy that reaches plants living under the reed canopy. The presented radiation parameters were obtained using the SS1 probe (Delta-T Devices Ltd. UK.). The measurements were carried out in September 2014 in a reed canopy in the Rzecin peatland (52°45′N, 16°18′E, 54 m a.s.l.). Analyses showed that the transparency of the reed canopy (Tr) is directly proportional to the degree of diffusion (D*) of the radiation which reaches the plant surface and the reed Tr value is always greater at cloudy conditions than during periods of low radiation diffusion. At the same time, Tr is inversely proportional to the leaf area index (LAI). Under high diffusion of radiation the plants growing under the reed canopy gain approximately 38% radiation energy in comparison with periods characterised by low values of D*.

3

Interlocked grain as an ecological advantage in large emergents and canopy trees

100%

Kojs P., Wloch W., Rusin A., Rusin T.

Polish Journal of Natural Sciences. Supplement

|

2003

|

tom 01

4

Physiological factors affecting yield formation in the canopy of traditional and new morphotypes of triticale plant [Triticosecale Wittmarck]

100%

Czerednik A., Nalborczyk E.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

|

2001

|

tom 23

|

nr 1

5

Effect of tree training system on yield and fruit quality of sweet cherry ‘Kordia’

84%

Gonkiewicz A.

Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research

|

2011

|

tom 19

|

nr 1

The subjects of this study were 8-year-old sweet cherry trees of the cultivar 'Kordia' grafted on the 'Colt' rootstock. The trees had been trained as spindles for four years after planting. In the fifth year, four systems of pruning were introduced: 1) the spindle form - i.e. the pruning system remained unchanged, 2) Zahn's method of pruning, 3) one-year-old shoots were cut back leaving approximately 10 buds, 4) no pruning at all - control trees. An assessment of the effects of these training systems was carried out in the third and fourth year of the study. The best results were obtained with the trees formed in the shape of a spindle and the trees pruned according to Zahn's recommendations. Cutting back long one-year-old shoots caused a significant decrease in the total yield and a small increase in the average fruit weight. The smallest values of canopy volume were obtained in the combination where long shoots had been shortened, while the largest canopies were found in the control combination. Canopy volumes of the trees shaped as spindles and of those pruned using Zahn's method were similar.

6

Association of water-borne conidial fungi with epiphytic tree fern [Drynaria quercifolia]

84%

Karamchand K. S., Sridhar K. R.

Acta Mycologica

|

2009

|

tom 44

|

nr 1

19-27

The live and dead tissues, and trapped leaf litter by the epiphytic tree fern Drynaria quercifolia associated with riparian tree species of Konaje (west coast) and Sampaje (Western Ghat) streams of India during dry (summer) and wet (monsoon) seasons yielded 37 species of water-borne conidial fungi on bubble chamber incubation. Dead bracket leaves of fern possess the highest species as well as conidia in Konaje, while the trapped leaf litter in Sampaje. During summer, the diversity was highest in bracket leaves in both locations, while in monsoon season it was highest in rhizomes of Konaje and in trapped leaf litter in Sampaje. Even though the conidial output from tissues of Drynaria and trapped leaf litter were not equivalent to stream submerged leaf litter, the species richness ranged between 40% and 75% in Konaje and Sampaje streams. As stable epiphyte, Drynaria exposed to wet and dry regimes in tree canopies of west coast and Western Ghats likely to serve as host for perfect states of water-borne hyphomycetes.

7

Monitoring of changes in the reflectance of electromagnetic radiation from winter oilseed rape canopy with the use of field radiometer CE 313

84%

Wojtowicz M., Wojtowicz A.

Acta Agrophysica

|

2008

|

tom 12

|

nr 1[161]

8

Investigation of the canopies evapotranspiration processes in extreme soil moisture conditions

84%

Etropolski C., Kirova M., Mikova A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej we Wrocławiu. Melioracja

|

1990

|

nr 35

9

The spider fauna (Araneae) of tree canopies in the Białowieza Forest

84%

Otto S., Floren A.

Fragmenta Faunistica

|

2007

|

tom 50

|

nr 1

10

The application of some biotechnical preparations in potato protection against Phytophthora infestans

84%

Kurzawinska H., Mazur S.

Phytopathologia

|

2012

|

tom 63

In 2009-2010 the effect of multiple plant spraying with biotechnical preparations (Biochikol 020 PC - chitosanbased agent, Grevit 200 SL - extract of grapefruit, Prev-AM 060 SL - orange oil) on protection against Phytophthora infestans of both potato canopy and tubers (cultivar 'Vineta N') was investigated. Acrobat MZ 69 WG (9% dimethomorph + 60% mancozeb) was used as a standard agent. In the first year the examined preparations decreased the degree of canopy infection and the percentage of tubers infected by P. infestans. In the next year, only Acrobat MZ 69 WG significantly inhibited the development of late blight on potato canopy. The percentage of tubers infected by P. infestans resulting from potatoes treated with the tested agents was significantly lower than that of the control. In both years tuber yield from the protected plots was higher than that of unprotected ones.

11

Soil moisture and thermal properties state under plant crops

84%

Usowicz B., Kossowski J., Hurtalova T., Matejka F.

Acta Agrophysica

|

2001

|

tom 53

12

The effect of kaolin treatments on phytophagous and predatory arthropods in the canopies of apple trees

84%

Marko V., Blommers L. H. M., Bogya S., Helsen H.

Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research

|

2006

|

tom 14

|

nr Suppl.3

13

A simplification of existing methods for calculations of vegetation canopy aerodynamic characteristics

84%

Mihailovic D. T.

International Agrophysics

|

1992

|

tom 06

|

nr 3-4

14

New species of darkling beetles from Central America with systematic notes [Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae]

84%

Ferrer J., Odegaard F.

Annales Zoologici

|

2005

|

tom 55

|

nr 4

A collection of Coleoptera Tenebrionidae from Central America has been studied and new species described and figured. The interest of this material principally consist in the method of sampling in the canopy and in the fact that for the first time the plant in which each specimen has been found was noted. Some systematic changes in the current classification of some genera, after Doyen and Tschinkel (1982) and Doyen et al. (1989) are introduced as results of morphological comparative study. Rhypasma Pascoe, 1871 is transferred to the tribe Stenosini from the Belopini. A total of 16 new species and one new genus from Panama are described and figured. Phymatestes agnei sp. nov., Rhypasma livae sp. nov., Lenkous ibisca sp. nov., Iccius monoceros sp. nov., Othryoneus triplehorni sp. nov., Paniasis kulzeri sp. nov., Gonospa similis sp. nov., Apsida simulatrix sp. nov., Brosimapsida gonospoides gen. and sp. nov., Epicalla elongata sp. nov., E. pygmaea sp. nov., E. aeneipes sp. nov., Strongylium vikenae sp. nov., Otocerus delicatus sp. nov. and O. angelicae sp. nov. The genus Paniasis Champion, 1886 is found to be identical to Pseudapsida Kulzer, 1961, created by monotypy for a species from Brazil: Paniasis brasiliensis (Kulzer, 1961) comb. nov. The systematic position of the genera Paratenetus Spinola, 1844, Rhypasma Pascoe, 1871, Calydonella Doyen, 1995, Othryoneus Champion, 1886, and Otocerus Mäklin, 1884 is commented.

15

Effects of orchard mulching with reflective mulch on apple tree canopy irradiation and fruit quality

84%

Mika A., Treder W., Buler Z., Rutkowski K., Michalska B.

Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research

|

2007

|

tom 15

16

Competition between sessile oak (Quercus petraea) and black cherry (Padus serotina): dynamics of seedlings growth

67%

Robakowski P., Bielinis E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2011

|

tom 59

|

nr 2

Competition is an evolutionary mechanism which exerts a selection pressure on living organisms. Forest trees compete for light, water and nutrients, especially at a young age. It was observed that the Quercus petraea and Padus serotina natural regenerations occupied the same site growing under the canopy of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.). To simulate the competition between young sessile oaks and black cherries found in forest, a controlled experiment was conducted using one-year-old seedlings of both species. There were eight treatments of different competition intensity. The treatments were established varying the number of potted seedlings and adding fresh cherry leaves to the substrate to enhance allelopathic effects. It was hypothesized that black cherry would reduce the height growth and diameter at root collar of sessile oak seedlings and this inhibitory effect would be magnified by an increasing number of cherry seedlings and/or fresh leaves. Black cherry as an invasive, fast-growing species was presumed to win the growth competition with oak. However, the differences in growth parameters would not only depend on genetic differences between the species, but also on the number of competing seedlings in pots and an allelopathic effect of cherry leaves. During the whole vegetative season, each two weeks, the growth parameters of seedlings (height, height increment and diameter at root collar) were measured. The results did not support the hypothesis that cherry had an inhibitory effect on oak growth, at least after one vegetative season. Contrary, a presence of cherry seedlings enhanced the oak height increment (F = 8.6, P <0.001) which might be due to either the strong interspecific competition for light or, less plausibly, positive allelopathic effect, or an interaction of both. Our results indicated a negative auto-allelopathic effect of cherry seedlings and/or fresh cherry leaves on height of cherry seedlings (F = 47.7, P <0.001). This invader showed a continuous and steep height increment within the whole vegetative season, whereas oak seedlings grew rapidly only in July. When compared the mean initial heights in April with those after the bud set in September, cherry was four fold and oak only two fold higher. A very intensive height increment gives black cherry an advantage over sessile oak at a young age which can disturb the spontaneous conversion of pine stands into a mixed pine-oak forest with a greater share of oak and other native deciduous tree species.

17

Water-borne hyphomycetes in tree canopies of Kaiga (Western Ghats), India

67%

Sudheep N. M., Sridhar K. R.

Acta Mycologica

|

2010

|

tom 45

|

nr 2

The canopy samples such as trapped leaf litter, trapped sediment (during summer), stemflow and throughfall (during monsoon) from five common riparian tree species (Artocarpus heterophyllus, Cassia fistula, Ficus recemosa, Syzygium caryophyllatum and Xylia xylocarpa) in Kaiga forest stand of the Western Ghats of southwest India were evaluated for the occurrence of water-borne hyphomycetes. Partially decomposed trapped leaf litter was incubated in bubble chambers followed by filtration to assess conidial output. Sediments accumulated in tree holes or junction of branches were shaken with sterile leaf disks in distilled water followed by incubation of leaf disks in bubble chamber and filtration to find out colonized fungi. Stemflow and throughfall samples were filtered directly to collect free conidia. From five canopy niches, a total of 29 water-borne hyphomycetes were recovered. The species richness was higher in stemflow and throughfall than trapped leaf litter and sediments (14-16 vs. 6-10 species). Although sediments of Syzygium caryophyllatum were acidic (5.1), the conidial output was higher than other tree species. Stemflow and throughfall of Xylea xylocarpa even though alkaline (8.5-8.7) showed higher species richness (6-12 species) as well as conidial load than rest of the tree species. Flagellospora curvula and Triscelophorus acuminatus were common in trapped leaf litter and sediments respectively, while conidia of Anguillospora crassa and A. longissima were frequent in stemflow and throughfall. Diversity of water-borne hyphomycetes was highest in throughfall of Xylea xylocarpa followed by throughfall of Ficus recemosa. Our study reconfirms the occurrence and survival of diverse water-borne hyphomycetes in different niches of riparian tree canopies of the Western Ghats during wet and dry regimes and predicts their possible role in canopy as saprophytes, endophytes and alternation of life cycle between canopy and aquatic habitats.

18

Synanthropic orchard flora in West Mazovia – Central Poland

67%

Lisek J.

Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research

|

2012

|

tom 20

|

nr 2

19

Weed infestation of a winter wheat canopy under the conditions of application of different herbicide doses and foliar fertilization

67%

Kraska P., Okon S., Palys E.

Acta Agrobotanica

|

2009

|

tom 62

|

nr 2

The present study was carried out in the years 2006– 2008 in the Bezek Experimental Farm (University of Life Sciences, Lublin). A two-factor field experiment was set up according to a randomized block design, in three replications. The experimental field was situated on medium heavy mixed rendzina developed from chalk rock with medium dusty loam granulometric composition. The soil was characterised by neutral pH, a very high content of P (342.1) and K (278.9) along with a very low level of magnesium (16.0 mg􀂉 kg-1 of soil) and organic carbon (over 3.5%). The aim of this research was to compare the effect of three herbicide doses and two foliar fertilizers applied in a winter wheat canopy on weed infestation. The herbicides Mustang 306 SE 0.4 l􀂉 ha-1 and Attribut 70 WG 60 g􀂉 ha-1 were applied at full recommended doses as well as at doses reduced to 75% and 50%. Foliar fertilizers Insol 3 (1 1􀂉 ha-1) and FoliCare (20 kg􀂉 ha-1) were applied at full recommended doses twice in the growing season BBCH* development stage 23-25* and 33-35*). The control was not treated with the herbicides and foliar fertilizers. The weed infestation level was determined by means of the quantitative gravimetric method at two dates: the first one 6 weeks after herbicide application and the second one – before harvest. The number of weed individuals was counted; species composition and air-dry biomass of aboveground parts were estimated from randomly selected areas of 1 m􀂉 0.25 m at four sites on each plot. Galium aparine and Apera spica-venti plants were sampled for molecular analysis 6 weeks after herbicide application (the treatments with the full herbicide dose, a 50% dose and the control without herbicides). The density of weeds and weed air-dry weight were statistically analysed by means of variance analysis, and the mean values were estimated with Tukey’s confidence intervals (p=0.05). It was found that the number of weeds and air-dry weight of weeds in the control treatment were significantly higher in comparison with the herbicide treated plots. The application of different herbicide doses did not differentiate significantly the weed infestation level in the winter wheat canopy. Galium aparine, Papaver rhoeas, Viola arvensis and Apera spica-ventiwere dominant weed species in the winter wheat canopy. Foliar application of fertilizers did not influence the weed infestation level in the crop canopy. Molecular analysis showed that herbicide application did not affect genetic variation in the populations of Galium aparine and Apera spica-venti.

20

Effects of contrasting habitats on the phenology, seasonal growth, and dry-mass allocation pattern of two bulbous geophytes [Alliaceae] with partly different geographic ranges

67%

Duchoslav M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2009

|

tom 57

|

nr 1

15-32

Allium oleraceum L. and A. vineale L. are two related bulbous geophytes with an annual storage organ that coexist in a wide range of habitats but show both partly different geographic ranges and habitat preferences in Europe. To explore whether ecological and distributional differences between species can be related to expected variation in some key life-history traits between them, research was undertaken to compare the phenology, seasonal growth, and dry-mass allocation of vegetative and reproductive plants of the species at successional gradient comprising three sites with contrasting environmental conditions (steppe, scrub, forest), where populations of the study species coexist (the Czech Republic). The results showed, in general, partly different timing of phenophases between species and different responses of species to contrasting environmental conditions. A. vineale displayed an annual life cycle similar to that observed in many Mediterranean geophytes, i.e. regularly sprouting above ground before the arrival of winter, its growth was concentrated into early and mid-spring and started to wither after a temperature increase and several short-term drought events in early summer, though its flowering was delayed until late June. A. oleraceum showed high year-on-year variation in the onset of shoot elongation above-ground; its growth was concentrated into mid- and late spring and its flowering was delayed until July. The patterns of phenology observed between the study species thus partly reflect selection under different environmental conditions of their origin. The total duration of the green above-ground period of reproductive plants in both species continued about 1.5–2 months beyond that of the vegetative ones. Over main growth period, mean relative growth rates (RGR) of A. oleraceum and A. vineale ranged from 20 to 22 and from 6 to 28 mg g⁻¹dw day⁻¹, respectively. A. vineale showed significantly higher RGR than A. oleraceum only in steppe conditions while at shaded sites the reverse pattern was found. The RGR of both vegetative and reproductive plants of A. oleraceum did not differ from one site to another. On the other hand, both vegetative and reproductive A. vineale plants showed lower RGR at shaded sites than at steppe one. Shading increased allocation into leaves in both species, caused complete abortion of developing scapes in A. vineale but only reduced reproductive allocation in A. oleraceum. A. oleraceum was able to maintain fitnessrelated traits more stably across the environments studied than A. vineale that fit well into the pattern of habitat differentiation observed between them in Central Europe. Data concerning growth of and allocation into new bulb in both species also support the hypothesis that allocating reserves for the coming year is the first priority in geophytes with an annual storage organ.

Ograniczanie wyników

Vulnerability of sun and shade canopy leaves under natural environmental stresses

Reed canopy transparency under different levels of diffuse radiation

Interlocked grain as an ecological advantage in large emergents and canopy trees

Physiological factors affecting yield formation in the canopy of traditional and new morphotypes of triticale plant [Triticosecale Wittmarck]

Effect of tree training system on yield and fruit quality of sweet cherry ‘Kordia’

Association of water-borne conidial fungi with epiphytic tree fern [Drynaria quercifolia]

Monitoring of changes in the reflectance of electromagnetic radiation from winter oilseed rape canopy with the use of field radiometer CE 313

Investigation of the canopies evapotranspiration processes in extreme soil moisture conditions

The spider fauna (Araneae) of tree canopies in the Białowieza Forest

The application of some biotechnical preparations in potato protection against Phytophthora infestans

Soil moisture and thermal properties state under plant crops

The effect of kaolin treatments on phytophagous and predatory arthropods in the canopies of apple trees

A simplification of existing methods for calculations of vegetation canopy aerodynamic characteristics

New species of darkling beetles from Central America with systematic notes [Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae]

Effects of orchard mulching with reflective mulch on apple tree canopy irradiation and fruit quality

Competition between sessile oak (Quercus petraea) and black cherry (Padus serotina): dynamics of seedlings growth

Water-borne hyphomycetes in tree canopies of Kaiga (Western Ghats), India

Synanthropic orchard flora in West Mazovia – Central Poland

Weed infestation of a winter wheat canopy under the conditions of application of different herbicide doses and foliar fertilization

Effects of contrasting habitats on the phenology, seasonal growth, and dry-mass allocation pattern of two bulbous geophytes [Alliaceae] with partly different geographic ranges