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1

The toxic Doppelganger: on the ionic and molecular mimicry of cadmium

100%

Chmielowska-Bak J., Izbianska K., Deckert J.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2013

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tom 60

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nr 3

Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal which can cause numerous alterations in cell functioning. Exposure to cadmium leads to generation of reactive oxygen species, disorders in membrane structure and functioning, inhibition of respiration, disturbances in ion homeostasis, perturbations in cell division, and initiation of apoptosis and necrosis. This heavy metal is considered a carcinogen by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. At least some of the described toxic effects could result from the ability of cadmium to mimic other divalent ions and alert signal transduction networks. This review describes the role of cadmium mimicry in its uptake, reactive oxygen species generation, alterations in calmodulin, Wnt/β-catenin and estrogen signaling pathways, and modulation of neurotransmission. The last section is dedicated to the single known case of a favorable function performed by cadmium mimicry: marine diatoms, which live in zinc deficient conditions, utilize cadmium as a cofactor in carbonic anhydrase - so far the only described cadmium enzyme.

2

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Effect of soil contamination with cadmium and application of neutralizing substances on the yield of oat (Avena sativa L.) and the uptake of cadmium by this crop

100%

Rolka E.

Journal of Elementology

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2015

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tom 20

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nr 4

Cadmium emitted to the natural environment due to anthropogenic pressure can easily move through the trophic chain, thus posing a threat to human and animal health. Soil contamination with cadmium can cause disorders in the growth and development of plants, and therefore may have an adverse effect on the volume and quality of yields. The purpose of this study has been to evaluate the effect of soil contamination with incremental doses of cadmium together with the application of neutralizing substances on the yield of oat (Avena sativa L.) and on the content, uptake and distribution of cadmium in oat plants. The research was based on a pot experiment conducted on cv. Dragon oat, grown on soil with the grain-size composition of loamy sand. Cadmium was introduced to soil in the form of cadmium chloride, in doses equal 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg Cd kg-1. In order to alleviate the negative effect of soil contamination with cadmium, neutralizing substances were used, such as compost, lime and brown coal. The statistical analysis of the results demonstrated the presence of a negative correlation between the cadmium doses and the volume of oat yields. The lowest cadmium dose (10 mg Cd kg-1 of soil) significantly decreased the yield of oat straw and roots; regarding the grain yield, it was significantly depressed by the two highest cadmium doses (30 and 40 mg Cd kg-1 of soil). Of the three neutralizing substances applied, compost had a positive effect on the quantity of grain yield, compost and brown coal affected positively the yield of straw, while soil liming significantly decreased the yield of roots. Soil contamination with cadmium significantly affected the content of cadmium, raising it in the separated parts of oat plants, of which roots contained the distinctly highest amounts of the pollutant. The highest cadmium uptake (1.50 mg Cd pot-1) was detected in oat straw, which on average accumulated 58% of this xenobiotic. All the applied substances neutralizing the soil contamination with cadmium significantly decreased the content and the uptake of this element by oat grain, straw and roots, with lime producing the strongest impact.

3

Effect of different soil pH on cadmium uptake by the plants

100%

Lehoczky E., Szabo L., Horvath S., Albrecht G., Marth P., Szabados I.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

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1998

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tom 456

Cadmium is one of the toxic heavy metals which, getting in the nutrition chain through the soil-plant system, is capable of causing harm to human health. The objective of the trial was to study the effect of cadmium load in the soil-plant system. In pot experiments carried out under greenhouse conditions, effect of increasing Cd load on different crop plants (lettuce, maize) was studied. Literature data inform on the decisive role of soil reaction in mobility of cadmium in the soil. The answer was looked for the question of the effect of cadmium treatments at uniform rates on Cd uptake by plants on two soils quite different from each other in pH value. It may be concluded that increasing Cd load can result in the decrease of biomass production of maize and lettuce, but significant differences were obtained only on very acid SN soil. The concentration of Cd in plants increased on both soils as a consequence of growing Cd treatment rates. In corresponding treatments the Cd levels in lettuce and maize plants grown on very acid SE soil were several times higher than in case of plants on the KE soil. Obtained results confirm that Cd mobility on acid soil may be much higher what is clearly reflected in cadmium uptake by plants. On acid soils the cadmium uptake by plants is more intensive, therefore this toxic element is more likely to get in the nutrition chain. Considerable differences in Cd uptake can be detected among the plant species. On the same soil at the same rate of cadmium treatment. Cd level in lettuce plants was by several times higher than in maize. The lettuce plants can accumulate cadmium in the leaves at high concentrations without any visible symptoms. In the experiments no toxicity was observed on test plants.

4

Effect of organic substance with diversified decomposition degree on cadmium and lead uptake by lettuce [Lactuca sativa L.]

100%

Bosiacki M., Tyksinski W.

Roczniki Akademii Rolniczej w Poznaniu. Ogrodnictwo

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2004

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tom 37

5

Biological aspects of cadmium and lead uptake by Phragmites australis [Cav. Trin ex Steudel] in natural water ecosystems

71%

Kozlowska M., Jozwiak A., Szpakowska B., Golinski P.

Journal of Elementology

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2009

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tom 14

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nr 2

299-312

In natural environment plants are exposed to many different stress factors, including heavy metals, whose elevated concentration causes oxidative stress, connected with formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, plants have developed defence systems, including enzymatic antioxidant system, able to remove ROS. The work concerns the accumulation of two heavy metals, cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), as well as the phenomenon of oxidative stress caused by increased concentration of these metals in common reed (Phragmites australis), a dominant species in the littoral zone of many water reservoirs. The plants were obtained from four water bodies situated in Poznan: Kierskie Lake, Rusałka Lake, Strzeszyńskie Lake and Sołacki Pond. The aim of the study was to examined the accumulation of heavy metals and the relation between activity of antioxidant enzymes in rhizome, stem and reed leaves during the vegetative period. Three antioxidant enzymes were analyzed: ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The statistical analysis was done to determine the influence of the heavy metals on the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, involved in limiting and removing results of oxidative stress. Heavy metals were accumulated in common reed in all the four water reservoirs, but the activity of enzymes was variable during the observation period. Statistical analyses suggest that there are some correlations among concentration of metals and the activity of antioxidative enzymes. However, the results do not provide an unambiguous determination of the effect of heavy metals on enzymatic activity. Summing up, the contamination of the water ecosystems caused by heavy metals was so low that it did not influence the activity of the analysed enzymes.

6

Ocena pobrania olowiu i kadmu z calodziennymi racjami pokarmowymi przez mlodziez w wybranych wojewodztwach

61%

Wojciechowska-Mazurek M., Starska K., Brulinska-Ostrowska E., Karlowski K., Grudzinska B.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2003

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tom 54

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nr Supl.

101-102

7

Ocena pobrania kadmu z zywnoscia w gospodarstwach domowych w Polsce w latach 1993-1997

61%

Wawrzyniak A., Pawlicka J.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2000

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tom 51

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nr 3

269-277

Celem pracy była ocena pobrania kadmu z żywnością, w latach 1993-1997, w sześciu typach gospodarstw domowych. Wykazano, że pobranie kadmu w przypadku średniej zawartości w produktach było stosunkowo niskie i nie przekraczało ustalonej wartości PTWI, natomiast w przypadku zawartości maksymalnej stanowiło średnio dla badanych typów gospodarstw domowych 138% wartości tymczasowego tolerowanego pobrania tygodniowego. Głównymi źródłami kadmu w diecie były produkty zbożowe, warzywa i przetwory oraz produkty mięsne.

Ograniczanie wyników

The toxic Doppelganger: on the ionic and molecular mimicry of cadmium

Effect of soil contamination with cadmium and application of neutralizing substances on the yield of oat (Avena sativa L.) and the uptake of cadmium by this crop

Effect of different soil pH on cadmium uptake by the plants

Effect of organic substance with diversified decomposition degree on cadmium and lead uptake by lettuce [Lactuca sativa L.]

Biological aspects of cadmium and lead uptake by Phragmites australis [Cav. Trin ex Steudel] in natural water ecosystems

Ocena pobrania olowiu i kadmu z calodziennymi racjami pokarmowymi przez mlodziez w wybranych wojewodztwach

Ocena pobrania kadmu z zywnoscia w gospodarstwach domowych w Polsce w latach 1993-1997