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One-year old shoots of Rhododendron ‘Cunningham’s White’ and R. ‘Nova Zembla’ from which cuttings were obtained. The cuttings consisted of epidermis, periderm, cortex, sclerenchyma, phloem, cambium, xylem and pith. Adventitious roots of cuttings of that taxa were developed throughout basal burls or directly in cambium region.
The aim the study was to discover the structure and topography of formatio hippocampi in chinchillas (Chinchilla brevicaudata). Investigations were carried out on the brains of 5 chinchillas. The material was preserved in buffered 10% formalin, and then dehydrated in ethyl alcohol of rising concentrations, embedded in paraffin blocks and cut transversally into 12 micrometer-thick sections. The sections were then stained according to Klüver and Barreras method. The formatio hippocampi, classified as a part of the rhinencephalon, are located in the medial part of the cerebral hemisphere, and indents in an arch into the light of the lateral ventricle. In the case of chinchillas the fomatio hippocampus consists of the hippocampus and dentate areas and the following cortical nervous structure: subiculum and four areas from CA1 to CA4. Formatio hippocampi as a cortical structure has a laminar build. The following layers may be distinguished in the subiculum: the marginal layer and cellular layer I and II. The structure of CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4 areas contains the following layers: stratum oriens, stratum pyramidal, stratum radiatum, and stratum molecular. The dentate area is a part of the formatio hippocampi formed by the gyrus dentatus and hilus fasciae dentate. Gyrus dentatus as a cortical structure has a laminar build. It is made up of two layers: molecular stratum and granular stratum.
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The lens originates from surface ectoderm covering the embryo’s head. The lens is composed of an acellular capsule, epithelial cells and fibers. The postnatal lens lacks vascularization and innervations. For nutrients and removal of metabolic waste products depends on the aqueous humor. The lens is comprised of 2/3 water and 1/3 protein. Two forms of proteins have been described: soluble (cristallin) and insoluble (albuminoid). Metabolism of glucose from aqueous humor provides the main source of energy for the lens, with anaerobic glycolysis pathways, being the most important. The basic function of the lens is to focus light onto the retina producing a clear, sharp image.
The perception of dragonflies is different than that of most insects because it does not rely on odour reception. The most important is their sense of sight. Well-developed structure of the brain responsible for vision and motor coordination allows dragonflies being quick and proactive hunters. Analyzing the anatomy of the dragonflies’ brain we can find some evidences of their evolutionary heritage. Odonata are – after all – one of the oldest orders of insects and these primary features of dragonflies’ brain make their perception different from holometabolic insects.
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