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1

Inside bold - why neuronal activity modulates MR signal?

100%
Bogorodzki P.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2009
|
tom 69
|
nr 3
Although fMRI methods are well recognized as a powerful tool in neuroimaging, they still suffer from lack of repeatable quantitative measures of effect studied, especially in disease group studies, where pathologically changed brain morphologies or distortions caused by head movement arise. In such cases where typical statistical parametric mapping (SPM) approach based on general linear model (GLM) modeling fails, additional methods, giving complementary measures to standard statistical maps SPM may comprise an alternative approach. This subject covers two basic methodologies, which will be presented in this presentation: (1) A novel technique called Mean Regional Response (MRR) uses features derived from time-intensity curves in anatomically or functionally defi ned regions of interest (ROIs). Resulting features can be used for higher level analysis, like ANOVA or highlight differences between groups of subjects allowing inference about group separation; (2) Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique is focused on the extraction of connections between the active regions. Although SEM still do not allow arbitrary connection patterns, its use allows determination of time varying and bi-directional, asymmetric connections for groups of interest (patient vs. controls etc.). A methodological basics of BOLD modeling, which can be considered as a basis for most detection and classifi cation methods, will be presented and illustrated with author’s fMRI studies
2

Exploring and manipulating function of microglia in brain pathologies

75%
Kaminska B.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2009
|
tom 69
|
nr 3
Microglia are multifunctional immune cells of the brain executing various functions and rapidly responding to pathological insults. Brain injury, hypoxia, infection or aberrant protein accumulation may lead to chronic infl ammation with a progressive shift in microglia function towards infl ammatory phenotype and accumulation of immune cells. Under pathological conditions, the interplay of extrinsic signals directs microglia towards neuroprotective or detrimental phenotype. Molecular mechanisms of initiation, progression and termination of microglia-initiated infl ammatory responses in the brain, in particular gene networks and signaling pathways are poorly understood. Characterization of the global transcriptome of microglia exposed to infl ammatory or cytoprotective signals and analysis of signalling pathways revealed differences in expression of genes encoding cytokines/ chemokines and transcription regulators. Identifi cation of signalling pathways contributing to discrete microglia phenotypes and discovery of transcription regulators which may serve as “master switches” for induction of an infl ammatory phenotype, will allow to target specifi c functions of microglia. Therapeutic approaches targeting signal transduction in microglia will be discussed. A greater understanding of microglia functions coupled with advances in pharmacology and gene therapy will support development of functionally “engineered” microglia able to convey neuroprotection.
3

Protein serine-threonine kinases [PKA, PKC and CaMKII] involved in ischemic brain pathology

51%
Domanska-Janik K.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1996
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tom 56
|
nr 2
4

Effect of aging and oxidative-genotoxic stress on poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase-1 activity in rat brain

51%
Strosznajder R. P., Jesko H., Adamczyk A.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
|
2005
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tom 52
|
nr 4
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1, EC 2.4.2.30), a DNA-bound enzyme, plays a key role in genome stability, but after overactivation can also be responsible for cell death. The aim of the present study was to investigate PARP-1 activity in the hippocampus, brain cortex, striatum and cerebellum in adult (4 months) and aged (24 months) specific pathogen free Wistar rats and to correlate it with PARP-1 protein level and p53 expression. Moreover, the response of PARP-1 in adult and aged hippocampus to oxidative/genotoxic stress was evaluated. Our data indicated a statistically significant enhancement of PARP-1 activity in aged hippocampus and cerebral cortex comparing to adults without statistically significant changes in PARP-1 protein level. The expression of p53 mRNA was elevated in all aged brain parts with the exception of the cerebral cortex. Our data suggest that enhancement of PARP-1 activity and p53 expression in aged brain may indicate higher DNA damage. Our data also indicate that during excessive oxidative/genotoxic stress there is no response of PARP-1 activity in aged hippocampus in contrast to a significant enhancement of PARP-1 activity in adults which may have important consequences for the physiology and pathology of the brain.
5
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Vasopressin in vascular regulation and water homeostasis in the brain

38%
Kozniewska E., Romaniuk K.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement
|
2008
|
tom 59
|
nr 8
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