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Background. Fish are the principal source of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids for humans. Traditionally, these fatty acids have been supplied in the form of captured marine and freshwater fishes. Recently, freshwater cultured species have been increasing their share in the fish volume on the market. Therefore it is crucial for fish farmers to rear fish under proper condition and with proper feeding in order to receive good quality fish flesh at harvest. The presently reported study was aimed at determining the effect of diet with the increased level of lipids or carbohydrates on selected blood indices, reduced glutathione content, lipid peroxidation products concentration in the liver, and body weight gains in carp fingerlings reared in post-cooling waters. Materials and Methods. The experiment was carried out in spring (2004) on 300 carp divided into two feeding groups. Group I was fed high-fat feed, whereas group II high-carbohydrate feed. After 7 weeks, fish blood and livers were collected for further analyses. Results. Significantly higher body weight gains were found in the fish fed high-fat feed as well as significant increase of haemoglobin (Hb) concentration in the blood of both feeding groups, which was accompanied by the increase of haematocrit (Ht) index. Furthermore, an increase in the concentration of lipid peroxidation products was observed as well as significantly lower content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the livers of fish examined. Conclusion. The observed MDA values and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration in the fish liver may indicate enhanced peroxidation processes in the organisms of the fish from both experimental groups, caused by their intensive feeding with extruded feeds. The peroxidation processes were more intensive in fish fed high-fat feeds.
W pracy przedstawiono schemat аnalizу kosztów jednostkowych przyrostu masy zwierząt. Stwierdzono, że poziom kosztu jednostkowego uzależniony jest od poziomu żywienia, struktury skarmianych pasz, dobowych przyrostów masy, paszochłonności przyrostu masy.
Effect of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis inclusion in turkey diets on growth performance.The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a probiotic preparation containing spores of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, added to feed, on growth performance of female turkeys reared until 84 days of age. A total of 300 day-old Hybrid Converter female turkeys were randomly assigned to 20 pens. The pens were randomly divided into two treatment groups: T1, received basal diets, and T2 received the same diets as group T1 supplemented with the probiotic (1.28 x 106 CFU/g). It can be concluded that the probiotic feed additive had a beneficial influence on growth performance and significantly increased the final body weights and average daily gains of female turkeys.
The report presents levels of energy use for hog weight gains in relation, to a share of CCM in food rations. The optimum share of CCM in food rationsthat should reduce production energy use depends on relations between energy inputs in particular groups of production, means. The completed calculations have indicated that it is most advantageous to use maximum amounts of CCM or else totally discontinue using CCM in food rations.
The calculations completed under the project have indicated that partial substitution of bean meal for the concentrate provit T did not cause significant changes in daily weight gains. A reduction of provit T in hog fattening to 11% oat units resulted in a drop of average costs of oat unit and costs of weight gain per unit. An introduction of steamed potato silage caused lower weight gains. Potato silage could therefore be used cost effectively in hog fattening only when costs of oat unit in potatoes are similar to costs of oat unit in wheat. However, it would have to be supplemented by bean meal.
Соответствующие опыты проводились на 56 баранчиках четырех генотипов: нольской низинной овцы, помесей F₁ ♀ польской низинной овцы х ♂ „вжосувка" (польская овца шубного типа), чистопородная „вжосувка" и финская овца. После отъема баранчиков откармливали в двух группах, разнящихся содержанием белка и сырого волокна в рационе. Ягнят взвешивали на протяжении всего периода выращивания и откорма вплоть до убоя, при построении кривых роста. Установлено, что польская низинная овца не реагировала существенно на изменения режима кормления. Не установлено существенных разниц в суточных привесах между польской низинной овцой и помесями. У помесей установлен гетерозис в средних суточных привесах: в группе I - 10,15%, а в группе II - 12,23%.
The report presents costs and energy use of weight gains of hogs fed with CMM, barley mash and complete concentrates. The calculations have indicated that daily weight gains were similar. The most advantageous index for the use of feeds was obtained in group B, in which CMM was applied. In the same group the lowest costs and energy use indices as well as the highest energy efficiency index were achieved.
Celem badań było porównanie wskaźników użytkowych norek odmiany pastelowej i platynowej, kojarzonych w czystości odmianowej i między sobą. Do badań wybrano 1080 samic dwóch odmian: pastelowej (bb) - 720 szt. oraz platynowej (pp) - 360 szt., kojarzonych wg schematu: I 360 samic (bb) x samce (bb) II 360 samic (pp) x samce (pp) III 360 samic (bb) x samce (pp) oraz cały przychówek. Badano wskaźniki użytkowania rozpłodowego samic, przyrosty masy ciała norek ro­snących oraz jakość skór. Lepsze przyrosty masy ciała oraz badane parametry jakości skór uzyskano w grupie III.
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Use of hop cones in growing beef cattle nutrition

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Use of hop cones in growing beef cattle nutrition. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the supplementation of bull diets with hop cones on growing bull performance, the concentrations of blood analytes, including liver enzymes. Twenty-four growing bulls of Slovene autochthonous Cika breed (BW 373 kg; age 329 days) were randomly allocated to 6 pens (4 animals/pen). Before the start of experiment all animals received the same basic TMR which was afterwards either not supplemented (control; 2 pens) or supplemented with 50 g/animal (H50; 6 g of hop dry matter (DM)/kg diet DM; 2 pens) or 100 g of hop cones/animal (H100; 11 g DM/kg diet DM; 2 pens) daily. Bulls were weighed at the start of the experiment and then again after 30 and 60 days of experiment and average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI) and feed-to-gain ratio (F:G) were calculated. At each weighing day, the blood samples were taken from each bull and plasma glucose and serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxy butyrate (BHBA), urea, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were determined. The inclusion of hop cones in the diet did not have any effects on DMI, ADG or F:G ratio and did not change BHBA, urea and GGT concentrations. ALT level was lower (P = 0.025) after 60 days of the experiment compared to control group. In treatments H50 and H100 blood glucose concentrations increased (P < 0.05) after 30 and 60 days of the experiment, while in treatment H100 NEFA concentration decreased (P = 0.022) after 60 days of the experiment. These findings suggest that hop cones and their constituents provoke changes in energy metabolism in ruminants.
The completed study suggests that an increased proportion of lucerne green forage to 20% oat feed units causes a rise of daily weight gains from 0.583 to 0.655 kg/head. A further increase in the share of lucerne green forage in the range of 20% to 30% oat feed units has been followed by a drop in daily weight gains to 0.557 kg/head. The cost effectiveness of feeding lucerne green forage to hogs depends on relations between prices of particular production means. For the prices of feeds in the second quarter of 1993 and non feed coats at 2500 at zl/head daily, an increase in the share of lucerne green forage to 20% oat feed units resulted in a decrease of weight gain costs per unit.
Wyniki przedstawionych badań wykazały, że zastąpienie śruty sojowej zielonką oraz kiszonką z koniczyny perskiej spowodowało obniżenie dobowych przyrostów masy oraz wzrost wskaźnika paszo chłonności. Pomimo uzyskania gorszych efektów produkcyjnych, koszt jednostkowy przyrostu masy uległ obniżeniu. Był on najniższy w grupie II - przy udziale 26,7% jednostek owsianych dostarczonych w zielonce i kiszonce z koniczyny perskiej.
The level of coats and profitability of porker production were determined in the course о research. It was observed that when the relation between grain price and sale price of porkers was 1:10.5, production profitability remained at the level of 158-198 %. Possibilities concerning reduction of production costs of porker weight gains were analysed. It was found that microclimatic conditions in buildings and nutrition were among the most important factors.
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