Wyniki wyszukiwania - AGRO

1

Body mass dependence of the haemoglobin content to surface area ratio of avian erythrocytes

100%

Kostelecka-Myrcha A., Cholostiakow-Gromek J.

Acta Ornithologica

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2001

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tom 36

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nr 2

Data from 75 bird species weighing between 6 g and > 16 kg confirmed a supposition that the amount of haemoglobin per unit surface area of erythrocyte was not dependent on body mass. It showed a constancy across the range reflecting adjustment of the total surface area of erythrocytes in relation to blood haemoglobin concentration. This conclusion is based on an inverse correlation between the numbers and sizes of red blood cells.

2

Tracking mammal body size distributions in the fossil record: a preliminary test of the rule of limiting similarity

88%

Martin R. A.

Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia

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1996

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tom 39

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nr 1

3

Allometric growth of the alimentary tract in the Siberian hamster (Phodopus sungorus)

75%

Wolczuk K., Pawlak R.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica. Supplement

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2014

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tom 56

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nr 1

4

Postnatal development of morphological features and vocalization in the pomona leaf-nosed bat Hipposideros pomona

75%

Jin L.-r., Lin A.-q., Sun K.-p., Liu Y., Feng J.

Acta Theriologica

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2011

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tom 56

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nr 1

Based on mark-recapture data, we studied the postnatal development of morphological features and vocalization of the pomona leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros pomona). Morphological changes indicated that body mass and length of forearm followed a linear pattern of growth until 13 days of age at mean growth rates of 0.14 g/day and 1.08 mm/day, respectively, and thereafter, growth rates slowed. The length of the total epiphyseal gap of the fourth metacarpal–phalangeal joint showed a linear increase for up to 10 days, followed by a linear decrease until day 40 at a mean rate of 0.09 mm/day. Together, two equations permitted estimation of the age of H. pomona pups between 1 and 40 days. The logistic equation provided the best fit to the empirical curves for body mass and length of forearm. Studies of vocal development showed that the precursors of echolocation calls were not emitted until day 7 after birth. As the pups grew, the dominant frequency (DF) of isolation calls increased and number of harmonics (NH) decreased, whereas the duration remained relatively stable. The DF and BFM2 (the bandwidth of the terminal frequency-modulated sweep from the second harmonic) of the early echolocation calls increased; however, the NH and duration decreased.

5

Body mass-population density scaling at the local scale: does the energy equivalence rule hold for forest mammals?

75%

Hoste-Danylow A., Danylow J., Ulrich W.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2013

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tom 61

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nr 4

The energy equivalence rule assumes that the scaling of population density with body mass is inversely proportional to the scaling of individual metabolic rate. As a result, the total population energy use, calculated as the product of individual metabolic rate and population density, is independent of body mass. Here we evaluated the validity of this rule at the scale of a single community of mammals. Strong linear dependencies were found between log-transformed individual metabolic rate and log-transformed body mass as well as between body mass and density. The slopes of these relationships are close to the predicted |3/4| value and, in accordance with the energy equivalence rule, exhibit opposite values. The results however supported this rule only at the scale of the whole community. When small and large species were considered separately, population energy use increased with body mass. Analyzing these two groups separately strongly decreased the range of body mass considered. Body mass range seems to be a critical factor to find support for the energy equivalence rule at the scale of a single community.

6

The ability to maintain static balance in competitors of cyclic sports at the stage of directed training

75%

Zurek P., Rynkiewicz M., Rynkiewicz T., Kos H.

Studies in Physical Culture and Tourism

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2010

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tom 17

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nr 3

7

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Methods used by adolescents for reducing body mass

75%

Goluch-Koniuszy Z., Heberlej A.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2015

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tom 66

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nr 4

Background. During adolescence teenagers undergo dynamic physical and mental changes which are accompanied by an increasing interest in changes to their external appearance. Often teens are concerned about such changes, leading to attempts at managing body mass reduction. Adolescent slimming more commonly arises due to a subjective appraisal of body mass rather than using any objective BMI indicators. Objective. To evaluate nutritional status of 13 year old boys and girls living in Szczecin, Poland and to analyse the methods used for achieving body mass reduction. Materials and Methods. Subjects were 1,342 adolescents consisting of 679 girls and 663 boys. Nutritional assessment was performed by anthropometric measurements; calculated BMI (Body Mass Index) and WC (Waist Circumference index). A questionnaire was also used to determine how the subjects lost body mass, their satisfaction levels, mood changes and physical activity. Results. Only 73% subjects had an adequate/normal nutritional status. It was found that half of those declaring that they had used various means of losing body mass (13.04%), of whom the majority were girls, had normal BMI indicators. The most frequently used method of losing body mass were; reducing foodstuff portions and dishes, abstaining from dinner, 1-3 starvation days, increasing physical activity, reducing sweets consumption, abstaining altogether from sweets and increasing fruit and vegetable consumption. Slimming diets were undertaken by 13.1% subjects, consisting mainly of 1000-1300 kcal diets, vegetarian diets or ones recommended by a physician. Conclusions. Adolescents living in Szczecin showed similar rates of adopting slimming diets for reducing body mass when compared to other regions of Poland and the rest of Europe. The methods used for this purpose were mainly either antior pro-healthy nutritional behaviour, but less often using physical activity or through slimming diets. It thus appears that monitoring nutritional status in adolescents, as well as providing education in pro-healthy nutrition, is necessary.

8

Young chinchillas weight gain, depending on their body mass at birth

75%

Dzierzanowska-Goryn D., Brzozowski M., Goral-Radziszewska K.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science

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2014

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tom 53

Young chinchillas weight gain, depending on their body mass at birth. The aim of the study was to determine if the results of raising and growth for up to 4th months of age in chinchilla depends on body weight and the litter size at birth. There were also attempts to answer the question, when sexual dimorphism begins to be visible in young chinchillas. Males are heavier females from the first month of life in chinchilla, however up to the 4th months of age the differences are not statistically significant. During the study it was found, that young chinchillas mortality depends on their body weight at birth. When the body weight at birth is higher, the greater chances of survival of the young are. Number of puppies in the litter affects their body weight: the more young per litter are, the less average body weight is.

9

Dietary calcium and obesity in men

75%

Nowak A., Pachocka L., Targosz U., Klosiewicz-Latoszek L.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2007

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tom 58

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nr 1

Increased calcium intake has been associated with lower body weight, BMI and adiposity, mostly in children, youth and women. In men results are inconclusive. In this study the relation between calcium intake and body weight and body fat in obese men was investigated. 200 men, the mean age 45,1 ± 9,4 y, the mean BMI 33,2 ± 4,8 kg/m2, were divided into 4 groups on the basis of their calcium/protein index. No significant differences in body weight, BMI, fat mass, percentage of body fat were found across subgroups and no significant correlations between calcium intake and body variables were stated. This study did not confirm the association between calcium intake and body weight and adiposity in men.

10

Estimating the size of European rabbits consumed by predators: Relationship between body mass and tooth dimensions

75%

Calzada J., Haydon D. T., Palomares F.

Acta Theriologica

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2003

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tom 48

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nr 1

A method for estimating body mass of European rabbitsOryctolagus cuniculus (Linnaeus, 1758) based on tooth dimensions is proposed. Regression models identified significant relationships between the body mass of 87 rabbits and individual tooth length, breadth, product of tooth length and breadth, and whether or not the individual was infected with myxomatosis. Dimensions of 10 of 14 different teeth explained over 80% of variation in body mass, and those teeth were selected as adequate predictors of rabbit body mass. Models were tested using teeth from 16 additional rabbits of known body mass. Body mass, predicted on the basis of 9 of the 10 selected teeth, was statistically indistinguishable from the observed values for all 16 individuals. When myxomatosis infection status of the rabbit was included in the model, all 10 selected teeth yielded predictions statistically indistinguishable from those observed. Prediction errors can be computed permitting statistical comparison of the average predicted value of body mass from different samples of rabbits. The model is useful in estimating rabbit body masses from teeth recovered from feces of predators and it will facilitate testing of hypotheses on size-selective predation. The method was applied to rabbit teeth found in fecal samples from the Iberian lynxLynx pardinus collected over a one-year period. Lynx preyed preferentially upon younger rabbits during the peak breeding period of this lagomorph.

11

A new instrument for non-invasive measurement of total body water and fat content in small mammals

75%

Froncisz W., Piasecki W., Koteja P., Stalinski J., Weiner J.

Polish Ecological Studies

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1994

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tom 20

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nr 3-4

12

Mortality in a feral population of muntjac Muntiacus reevesi in England

75%

Cooke A. S., Green P., Chapman N. G.

Acta Theriologica

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1996

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tom 41

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nr 3

In Monks Wood National Nature Reserve in Cambridgeshire, England, the death occurred of approximately half of a large, feral population of muntjac deer Muntiacus reevesi (Ogilby, 1839} during January to April 1994. From their body mass and from post-mortem examination, the deer were evidently starving, and pneumonia was the ultimate cause of death in a number of cases. The incident coincided with increased foraging activity. Mortality was much reduced in 1995. Examination of a sample of deer shot in 1995 indicated body mass to be higher than for the 1994 casualties, but still lower than for deer from other sites. Without direct management of the population, future mortality incidents may be anticipated when the winter population is relatively high or weather conditions unfavourable.

13

Effect of supplemental food on a cyclic Clethrionomys glareolus population at peak density

75%

Lofgren O., Hornfeldt B., Eklund U.

Acta Theriologica

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1996

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tom 41

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nr 4

The impact of supplemental food on a cyclic bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber, 1780) population was studied at peak density. We provided high energy food (sunflower seeds) to a 3.15 ha live-trapping grid and used a 5.06 ha unfed grid as a control. Density of adult females and immatures increased 3-fold in response to the extra food. In contrast, density of adult mates did not change significantly. The rise in density of adult females, but not of adult mates, altered the functional sex ratio. Loss rate of fed adults remained the same as for controls, whereas immature loss rate was reduced by the extra food. Dispersal of immatures from the control into the food supplemented grid was higher than the reverse. Growth and body mass of fed immatures were lower than of controls. Reduced dispersal and increased immigration of immatures both contributed significantly to the overall rise in density when food was added.

14

Capsaicin induced deafferentiation enhances the effect of electrical vagal nerve stimulation on food intake and body mass

75%

Laskiewicz J., Krolczyk G., Zurowski D., Enck P., Thor P. J.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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2004

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tom 55

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nr 1,2

Study was based on hypothesis that electrical stimulation (ES) with parameters obtained from analysis of vagal afferent discharge fed state may fake brain with satiety state. We evaluated effect of denervation of vagal capsaicin-sensitive afferents on food intake and body weight in rats with ES of vagal nerves using microchip (MC). Group A was scheduled to MC implantation, B to sham operation only, C to MC implantation and capsaicin vagal deafferentation, and D to capsaicin denervation only. ES lasted 24 days. MC parameters were 0.05Hz, 0.1s, 0.55V. ES of left vagus significantly reduced total food intake as well as the mean daily intake in groups A and C in comparison to control and D group (ANOVA, F=18.55, p=0.0038). Body weight was lower in group A (346,2 g) and C (272,7 g) then in control (381,4 g) and D (356,8 g) (F=25.68, p=0.00068). Leptin decreased in C (165 pg/mL) in comparison to A (625 pg/mL), B (677 pg/mL), and D (612 pg/mL) (p<0,05), mainly due to ES (F=7.27, p=0.019). Glucose was decreased in A (F=5.55, p=0.036) - by 11 % and by 16% in C group. Proper vagal neuromodulation results in central and peripheral effects causing food intake and body weight downregulation.

15

The influence of body mass on some coronary risk factors in the population of metallurgy workers

63%

Gudowska-Nitka A.

Żywienie Człowieka i Metabolizm

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1990

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tom 17

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nr 2

Food intake, body mass index (BMI), serum lipids, blood glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse wave velocity were measured in the population of 2559 males aged 25-59 years employed in a foundry in Cracow in 1972-1974. Abnormal dietary habits were revealed. The share of protein in total energy intake was 11.7%, fats 37.1% and carbohydrates 51.2% (sugar 11.6%). The mean BMI was 25.3 ± 3.1 BMI above 25 was found in 44% of males under study. It has been shown that serum cholesterol, total lipids, esterified fatty acids, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and pulse wave velocity were positively correlated with BMI. It is concluded that obesity prevention and treatment should be recognized as. an important method in prevention of coronary heart disease.

16

Nesting behaviour and seasonal body mass changes in a rural Irish population of the Western hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus)

63%

Haigh A., O'Riordan R. M., Butler F.

Acta Theriologica

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2012

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tom 57

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nr 4

There was previously no information on nesting, seasonal body mass or the hibernation behaviour of the hedgehog in Ireland. Between 2008 and 2009, hedgehogs were caught, weighed weekly and monitored by radio tracking at a rural Irish site. Day nests were recorded in the active period and hibernacula thereafter. Arable land has been reported to be poorly utilised by hedgehogs in the UK and Denmark. In Ireland, day nests and hibernacula were constructed in the hedgerows of arable land indicating that these areas will be exploited if hedgerow is maintained and highlights the importance of maintaining hedgerows in arable areas. Individual females returned to the same day nest significantly more than males. Over the 2 years, individuals were found to occupy a mean of 1.8 (±0.9; SD) hibernacula (maximum of 3) and they rotated between nests up to four times (mean of 2.5 ± 1.6). When hedgehogs occupied multiple hibernacula, those occupied in mid winter (December and January) were occupied for significantly longer than those occupied at the start (October and November) and end (February and March) of hibernation. Studies in the UK and Denmark have reported on hedgehog hibernation. However, the winter climate in southern Ireland is milder than other areas of Europe and thus it was expected that hibernation characteristics would also differ, i.e. shorter hibernation periods, earlier emergence, lower body mass loss and the ability to survive hibernation at a lower body mass. This proved to be the case with a mean hibernation period (±SE) of 148.9 (±0.5) days, a mean body mass loss of 17.0 (±0.53) %, emergence in March and the ability of late juveniles to survive at a pre-hibernation body mass of 475 g.

17

Comparison of the results of rearing the suckling piglets, receiving different iron preparations

63%

Golenia P., Rekiel A., Wiecek J.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science

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2015

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tom 54[2]

Comparison of the results of rearing the suckling piglets, receiving different Fe preparations. The aim of the studies was determine the results of rearing the piglets which received three different preparations of iron (Fe) by injection. The sows, the progeny of which was covered with the observations, were at random assigned before parturition, to one from three experimental groups – E1, E2 and E3 (5 sows in each group). The rate of growth, feed utilization and health state of the piglets from birth until weaning (35 day of life) was controlled. The highest body weight of 5-week old piglets was recorded in group E3; the difference in relation to body weight of the piglets from group E1 and 2 was equal to 3.47% and 13.15%, respectively (p>0.05). The best equalization of body weight of 5-week old piglets was found in groups E3 and E1. The piglets from group E3 consumed the greatest quantity of fixed feed until weaning; in the mentioned group, the body weight gain in total was the highest one (8.44 kg/head). The mean daily gains of the piglets from group E3 were equal to 241 g and they were higher as compared to group E1 and E2 by 5.24% and 12.62%, respectively. Consumption of solid feed per gain of 1kg of body weight of the litter amounted in groups E1, E2 and E3 to 4.80, 3.49 and 4.65 kg, respectively. The mentioned index was low what indicates a good milk performance of the sows. All three employed preparations fulfilled their prophylactic function and prevented incidence of anaemia symptoms.

18

Growth rate and development in infant Natterer's bat (Myotis nattereri) reared in a flight room

63%

Swift S. M.

Acta Chiropterologica

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2001

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tom 03

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nr 2

Myotis nattereri born and reared by their mothers in a flight room had a mean birth body mass of 3.4 g and forearm length of 17.00 mm. Infants opened their eyes at 6 days old, and they were no longer always found roosting attached to their mothers after this age. They were fully furred at 7-8 days and began to flap their wings at days. Growth was initially rapid and linear until 20 days of age and then slowed. At 58-60 days, mean body mass was 8.8 g (89% of adult mass) and mean forearm length was 40.55 mm (98% of adult length). Juveniles began to fly at 20 days, at which age their forearm length was 93.4% of mean adult value. Forearm data were best fitted by the logistic growth model (k = 0.18; asymptotic length = 40.79 mm for males) and body mass data by the von Bertalanffy equation (k = 0.10; asymptotic mass = 8.42 g for males). Pre-flight growth and development rates were similar to those in other British vespertilionid bats, but M. nattereri showed very rapid development of foraging ability after they began to fly. Mothers suckled only their own infants and transported flightless young between roost boxes, on average every 5.3 days.

19

Biometrical analysis of selected characters of Viviparus viviparus from the lower Narew River

63%

Jakubik B.

Folia Malacologica

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1999

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tom 07

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nr 4

20

Estimation of physical activity and prevalence of excessive body mass in rural and urban Polish adolescents

63%

Hoffmann K., Bryl W., Marcinkowski J. T., Strazynska A., Pupek-Musialik D.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

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2011

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tom 18

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nr 2

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