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The efficiency of bioluminescence applied to monitor the state of hygiene in a dairy processing plant was assessed in relation to the results of conventional microbiological methods. The used blotting tests were Envirocheck Contact DC with Agar CASO medium with added neutralizers. The analysed object was the surface of a beam stirrer in a fermentation tank. Swabs were collected following tank washing and disinfection after the completion of 15 production cycles. A high degree of correlation r = 0.91 was obtained at the reliability of comparison β = 0.906. The analysis of probability of distribution confirmed the feasibility of bioluminescence. Boundary values (112 and 171 RLU) were determined for bioluminescence for three object cleanliness ranges, based on microbial counts (cfu/cm2). Over 13% surfaces were classified as conditionally clean (Alert).
Elaboration of an assessment method for plumbing materials contacting drinking water was the main purpose of this study. The investigation was conducted in 8 week cycles in dynamic conditions using a continuous flow reactor. Microbial growth was measured indirectly by a bioluminescence technique (ATP assay). Every week swabs from the surface of tested materials (polypropylene and different types of polyethylene), from the domestic market were collected and the level of bioluminescence was examined. The results obtained from the surface of tested materials were repeatable and clearly approximated those obtained from the surface of a negative control (stainless steel, low susceptibility for microbial growth). The level of bioluminescence (ATP) on the surface of positive control (paraffin, high susceptibility for microbial growth) was many times higher than that observed on other materials. The presented investigation was the main part of a validation process, which in short time will serve to initiate a complete assessment system for organic materials contacting drinking water.
Emission of light as a result of biochemical activities of some living bacteria Vibrio fischeri (in the past known as Photobacterium phosphoreum) makes it possible to monitor environmental changes in ecosystems. Toxicity testing as an international standard operating procedure based on the use of this method has already been accepted. The bioluminescent test offers a rapid, simple and sensitive method to test a wide spectrum of chemical substances and environmental samples including water, wastewater, sludge extracts, etc. In this study, aimed at characterising and comparing bioluminescent properties, four different bacterial strains were cultivated in four different liquid mediums and temperature conditions. The bioluminescent intensity of bacterial suspensions was measured using a laboratory BioOrbit 1253 luminometer during bacteria culture. Based on obtained results and mathematical calculations of RLU (relative luminescent units) values strain Photobacterium phosphoreum + NCBE medium were indicated as the variant demonstrating proper bioluminescence intensity and characteristics most suitable for further applications.
The ATP level and the number of mesophilic bacteria, thermophilic bacteria, moulds and yeasts were examined in different composts prepared from lupine (Lupinus angustifolius cv Mirela). During the first weeks of composting, the mesophiles increased slowly and the thermophile phase follows. After eight weeks of composting the number of thermophiles decreased rapidly and development of mesophilic bacteria and fungi was observed. From five ATP extraction methods, the best results were obtained from Celsis-Lumac extracting mixtures and it was chosen for further experiments. The ATP level increased at the beginning of composting and decreased after 8 weeks of the process. After this time, ATP content began to rise to the achieved maximum during the 12th week of composting. There is no correlation between the number of microorganisms in compost and the ATP level.
Bioluminescence, the phenomenon of light production by living organisms, occurs in forms of life as various as bacteria, fungi and animals. Nevertheless, light-emitting bacteria are the most abundant and widespread of luminescent organisms. Interestingly, most species of such bacteria live in marine environments. In this article, the biochemical mechanism of bacterial luminescence and its genetic regulation are summarized. Although the biochemistry and genetics of light emission by cells have been investigated in detail, the biological role of bacterial luminescence has remained obscure. Here, we discuss recent discoveries that shed new light on this problem. Finally, we provide examples of how bacterial luminescence can be employed in marine biotechnology, especially in the detection of toxic and mutagenic pollution in aquatic environments.
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