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1

A new subspecies of the honey badger Mellivora capensis from Central Asia

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Baryshnikov G.
Acta Theriologica
|
2000
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tom 45
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nr 1
A new subspecies of the honey badger (Mellivora capensis bu.ech.neri ssp. n.) is described from the western part of Central Asia (Turkmenistan). By the relatively small palatal length it is similar to the subspecies M. c. iridica (Kerr, 1792) and M. c. inaurita {Hodgson, 1838) and differs from them by having larger size and narrower postorbital constriction.
2

Space use and activity in a mediterranean population of badgers Meles meles

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Rodriguez A., Martin R., Delibes M.
Acta Theriologica
|
1996
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tom 41
|
nr 1
Activity, spatial ecology, and pattern of sett use of a mediterranean population of badgers Meles meles Linnaeus, 1758 are described. Data come from Doñana National Park (SW Spain) where a 1-year radio-tracking study and a 9-year capture-recapture study were carried out. Badger home ranges were spatially structured, territories having an average size that is the largest reported in the literature. There was a correlation between territory size and ecological variables reflecting food patch dispersion. It is suggested that badgers might set territory limits to include enough patches of rabbit burrows in the critical summer period of low rabbit abundance. Badgers were not strictly nocturnal, and showed decreased activity levels in winter. Activity levels were higher in badgers living in dry habitats, and in all badgers during the dry season. Both photoperiod and rabbit availability were suggested as factors influencing activity parameters like activity length or resting intervals during activity periods. Differences in the pattern of use of the main and secondary setts were found between reproductive females and other individuals.
3

Changes in the behaviour of a male Eurasian badger: evidence in favour of the anti-kleptogamy hypothesis?

100%
Revilla E., Palomares F.
Acta Theriologica
|
1999
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tom 44
|
nr 4
We report a case of male badger Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758) territorial expansion after the removal, by poaching activity, of a neighbouring male in an area of low badger density. The most plausible reason for the behaviour of this male is the gaining of the access to the females of the adjacent territory because: the male spent approximately half of his active time inside the new area, made a similar effort as the previous male in sleeping together with the new breeding female and did not use the summer-autumn feeding areas of the taken range. While considering that data have come from only one animal, it is discussed the key importance of female access against food resources and shelter when explaining male badger spatial behaviour, at least in low density populations.
4

Quasi-continuous variation of the first premolars in the Polish population of the badger Meles meles

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Szuma E.
Acta Theriologica
|
1994
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tom 39
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nr 2
The presence-absence polymorphism and the size of P1] were studied in the Polish population of the badger Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758} (n = 79). P1 is more often absent than Pi. The lengths of P\ range from 0.97 mm to 2.63 mm (V = 16.3-22.3). A breach in the continuous variation of the size of the teeth between their absence and the minimum length of the crown that is 0.97 mm suggests that a threshold mechanism, related to size, operates at an early stage of P'i ontogeny. Such a mecha­nism would allow the development of a tooth only if it had reached the threshold size at the critical stage of its ontogeny. The correlation between the presence or absence of P!i and the number of roots of P% confirms the existence of a gradient in shape ancf size within the morphogenetic field of cheek teeth. The frequent occurrence of P i in the Polish population of the badger (73%) corresponds to the clinal variation of the presence-absence polymorphism of the first premolars in Eurasia.
5

Habitat preferences of the native badger and the invasive raccoon dog in southern Finland

84%
Kauhala K., Auttila M.
Acta Theriologica
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2010
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tom 55
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nr 3
231-240
We compared the habitat preferences of the alien raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides (Gray, 1834) and the native badger Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758) in two areas (Ruissalo and Tuulos) in southern Finland by radio-tracking the animals during summer from 2005 to 2008. We assumed that the habitat preferences of these two medium-sized carnivores differ to some extent (ie they are able to share the resources), because they have been sympatric for more than 50 years in southern Finland and populations of both species have increased during that period. The results indicated that the habitat preferences of these species are indeed different: raccoon dogs favoured meadows, gardens and open woodlands with tall and abundant undergrowth, whereas badgers favoured both pine forests and deciduous and mixed forests with thick canopy but sparse undergrowth. However, fields were favoured by both species in one study area (Tuulos). The results show that although both species are flexible in their habitat use and share some habitat preferences, the most favoured habitats differ between the species.
6

Observations of badgers’ (Meles meles) behaviour near the sett in Stobrawa Landscape Park (South – Western Poland)

84%
Kochan J., Kruszynski W., Kopij G.
Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Veterinary Medicine
|
2011
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tom 14
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nr 2
7

Defecation and urination patterns of badgers Meles meles at low density in South West England

84%
Hutchings M. R., Service K. M., Harris S.
Acta Theriologica
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2001
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tom 46
|
nr 1
The spatial distribution of urine and faecal scent marks of badgers Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758) at low population density (mean ± SE across 4 social groups was 5.73 ± 0.735 badgers/km2) in south-western England were quantified. Eighteen badger latrines (greater than one dung pit containing faeces), 74 single defecations not in pits and 21 faeces in single pits were located in spring when badgers were defending well-defined territories. Woodland was selected, and arable land avoided, for latrine sites. Pasture and built-up land was selected for single defecations not in pits whereas faeces in single pits were distributed randomly across habitat types. Faecal scent marks were strongly associated with the edge of pastoral fields rather than the middle. Forty-six and 51 urinations were located in spring and summer, respectively. Urine was deposited randomly across habitat types but was concentrated at the linear features surrounding the main setts. This is the first reported use of high levels of single defecations and urinations in badger scent marking strategies in the UK. These results are discussed in relation to the potential for transmission of bovine tuberculosis Mycobacterium bovis from badger excreta to cattle.
8

The occurence of badger Meles meles in Silesian Lowland [South-West Poland] and comparison between effectiveness of different research methods

84%
Nadolska M.
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej we Wrocławiu. Zootechnika
|
2004
|
tom 50
9

Food digestibility of an Eurasian badger Meles meles with special reference to the Mediterranean region

84%
Rosalino L. M., Loureiro F., Macdonald D. W., Santos-Reis M.
Acta Theriologica
|
2003
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tom 48
|
nr 2
Feeding trials were carried out with a captive adult badger Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758) to establish relationships (digestibility coefficients) between the biomass of freshly consumed food and the dry undigested remnants recovered from scats (bone, teeth, hair, feathers, exoskeleton parts, seeds, etc). The foods studied were those revealed by our research to be the principal components of badger diet in a Mediterranean environment, and the values of the digestibility coefficients (DC) were: 24.74 for rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus, 21.72 for rodents, 19.81 for pigeons Columba sp., 99.50 for amphibians, 32.35 for arthropods imago, 44.39 for insect larvae, 18.45 for earthworms Lumbricus rubellus, 2.75 for acorns Quercus sp., 9.19 for arbutus Arbutus unedo, 12.25 for blackberries Rubus ulmifolius, 46.12 for figs Ficus carica, 34.87 for loquats Eriobotrya japonica, 10.94 for olives Olea europaea, and 12.02 for pears Pyrus bourgaeana. The variability of DC values was measured, and attributed to the heterogeneity of constituents of the selected food types. There was no statistically significant correlation between the average weight of consumed food and the digestibility coefficients, confirming the expectation that such coefficients must be derived empirically for each food type.
10

Optimal radio-tracking strategy - The best results with the least effort?

84%
Kauhala K., Holmala K.
Acta Theriologica
|
2008
|
tom 53
|
nr 4
We tested the need to radio-track nocturnal mammals, such as raccoon dogsNyctereutes procyonoides (Gray, 1834) and badgersMeles meles (Linnaeus, 1758), throughout the night for reliable estimates of home range size and habitat selection. We also tested the possibility to reduce the tracking effort by decreasing the number of tracking-nights. The results indicated that the locations collected before midnight gave good estimates of home range sizes but those collected after midnight or by reducing the number of tracking-nights resulted in smaller home ranges than those estimated using the total data. Thus, if one aims to estimate only the home range size, locations before midnight would be adequate. Locations of raccoon dogs taken only before or after midnight did not reveal all habitats, which were favoured on the basis of the total data. Although locations of badgers before midnight seemed to give correct results of habitat selection, we recommend radio-tracking also badgers at least few times through the night, because their core areas shifted during the night. In the case of badgers, but not of raccoon dogs, we obtained correct results of habitat selection by reducing the tracking effort by decreasing the number of tracking-nights.
11

Use of human buildings by Eurasian badgers in the Moravskoslezske Beskydy Mountains, Czech Republic

84%
Pavlacik L., Literak I., Klimes J., Bojkova M.
Acta Theriologica
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2004
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tom 49
|
nr 4
An inspection of human buildings used by Eurasian badgersMeles meles (Linnaeus, 1758) in 28 sites in the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mountains, Czech Republic, was carried out in 2001. The buildings inhabited or visited by badgers were as follows: wooden barns (18 cases), masonry buildings used for residential purposes (4), abandoned buildings (1), wooden sheds (2), wooden beehouses (2) and a non-residential part of a house (1). In three sites, female badgers with their cubs inhabited buildings. Badgers use the buildings more frequently in winter than in summer. Use of human buildings and the occurrence of badgers in setts in the wild in these mountains was observed in detail on a study area of 950 ha around the village of Lubno. In total, 12 setts were discovered. Eight of them were in the wild: two setts were located closer than 50 m, five between 100 m and 300 m, and one 700 m from human buildings. In four sites badgers inhabited human buildings.
12

Vigilance in badgers Meles meles: the effects of group size and human persecution

84%
Tuyttens F. A. M., Stapley N., Stewart P. D., Macdonald D. W.
Acta Theriologica
|
2001
|
tom 46
|
nr 1
Potential costs to badgers Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758) of living in groups may be offset by the ability of a group to either improve predator detection, or reduce the time each individual must be vigilant to attain a certain likelihood of predator detection. Using an infra-red video-surveillance system, we show that badgers emerge later from their dens in a population that has been repeatedly subjected to lethal control by humans as compared to badgers from a nearby, undisturbed population. We further illustrate that, despite the apparent lack of a visual or vocal alarm signal to alert group members to a threat, corporate vigilance increases and individual vigilance levels decrease as badgers aggregate in groups (up to 4). These results highlight the pos­sibility that the role of (human) predation in badger social evolution has not been sufficiently considered.
13

The density and distribution of badger setts in the Sudety Mountains, Poland

84%
Bartmanska J., Nadolska M.
Acta Theriologica
|
2003
|
tom 48
|
nr 4
The density and distribution of badger Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758) setts was estimated by questionnaires and field studies, carried out in the Sudety Mountains between 1995-2002. The questionnaire referred to the whole territory of Polish Sudety Mts, while field studies were conducted in four different habitat types: low mountains with a mosaic farm-forest landscape, highly industrialised hilly areas, high mountain ranges of natural character and high mountain ranges of severe microclimate and heavily destroyed tree stands. On the basis of both questionnaires and field surveys, a total of 378 badger setts, classified according to their size and status, were identified. Among these, 119 (31.5%) were situated on three areas, while in the fourth area we did not find any badger setts. According to their size and traces of intensive occupation, 54 setts were regarded as main badger setts. The mean density of main setts on three areas was much the same and amounted to 0.05-0.07/km2 of their total surface, despite differences in their natural environment and agricultural or industrial changes in landscapes. In the Sudety Mts badgers selected settlements in forest habitats, bordering rich in food open areas. The density of main setts in forest areas ranged from 0.12 to 0.33/km2 depending on the proportion of forest, type and age of tree stands and size of forest complexes. The mean distance of main setts from open areas ranged from 209 to 280 m. The mean nearest neighbour distance (NND) between main setts ranged from 2.85 to 3.75 km. The home range size estimated for a social group varied from 7.9 to 13.6 km2. The highest occupied setts of our study were found on the Śnieżnik Massif, at an altitude of 700 m a.s.l.
14

Seasonal and spatial pattern of shelter use by badgers Meles meles in Białowieża Primeval Forest (Poland)

84%
Kowalczyk R., Zalewski A., Jedrzejewska B.
Acta Theriologica
|
2004
|
tom 49
|
nr 1
In 1997-2001, we investigated the use of day-time shelters by radio-collared badgers Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Białowieża Primeval Forest, eastern Poland. Each social group of badgers utilised, on average, 9 different shelters per territory (range: 4-20). The main setts, occupied for breeding and winter sleep, were also most frequently used for day-time rest throughout the year (73% of days). Badgers living in the pristine oldgrowth stands utilised larger number of shelters and spent more days in hollow trees (mainly lime Tilia cordata), compared to badgers inhabiting younger secondary tree stands. Number of shelters used by individuals varied between seasons and depended on sex and age of animals. In summer, badgers used more shelters than in spring and autumn. In winter, they stayed in their main setts only. Adult males occupied more shelters and spent fewer days in the main sett than other badgers. In spring, females rearing young used only the main setts. The average underground space used by badgers within the main sett was 128 m2. It was largest in summer and smallest in winter, and also varied between males and females. We proposed that, in a low-density population, badgers used several setts and other daily shelters to reduce energy expenditure when exploring their large territories and foraging. Furthermore, setts may play a role of marking sites. Analysis of the biogeographical pattern of sett use by European badgers showed that the number of setts used by social groups increased with increasing territory size, whereas the density of setts (n setts/km2) was negatively correlated with territory size. We proposed that different factors could shape the utilisation of setts by badgers in low- and high-density populations.
15

Badger Meles meles feeding ecology in dry Mediterranean environments of the southwest edge of its distribution range

67%
Barea-Azcon J. M., Ballesteros-Duperon E., Gil-Sanchez J. M., Virgos E.
Acta Theriologica
|
2010
|
tom 55
|
nr 1
45-52
The dietary preference of badgers Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758) for earthworms and other food resources has been widely discussed. In the Mediterranean area, rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus, fruits (mainly olives Olea europaea) and arthropods are the most important foods. We describe badger dietary habits in a xeric Mediterranean area, comparing use and availability of olives and rabbits. Our results indicated that olives and rabbits are the predominant resources consumed, however we did not detect any evidence of specialisation when we compared consumption versus field availability. In the case of olives we found that their consumption is reduced when juvenile rabbits or figs Ficus carica are widely available, which is evidence against any specialisation in this resource. Figs appear to be a key food item for badgers; they were consumed in large amounts when available. Badgers in this xeric area can be viewed as generalist or facultative specialists, using the most profitable resource when available but shifting its preferences to other less profitable food resources when availability of other primary food resource are reduced. Our results also indicated the high suitability of some human agricultural uses (eg fruit orchards) for this species, especially in the otherwise harsh Mediterranean environments.
16

Molecular identification of Trichinella britovi in martens (Martes martes) and badgers (Meles meles); new host records in Poland

67%
Moskwa B., Gozdzik K., Bien J., Bogdaszewski M., Cabaj W.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2012
|
tom 57
|
nr 4
Trichinella larvae were detected in a marten (Martes martes) and a badger (Meles meles) in Poland. The animals were found dead following car accidents. All examined animals derived from the Mazurian Lake district, north-east Poland, near the village Kosewo Górne where Trichinella infection were earlier confirmed in wildlife; red foxes and wild boars. The muscle samples were examined by artificial pepsin-HCl digestion method. The parasites were identified as Trichinella britovi by multiplex polymerase chain reaction method. Larvae were found in two out of three martens and one out of seven examined badgers. This is the first report of the identification of Trichinella britovi larvae from martens and badgers in Poland.
17

Badger density and distribution of setts in Bialowieza Primeval Forest [Poland and Belarus] compared to other Eurasian populations

67%
Kowalczyk R., Bunevich A. N., Jedrzejewska B.
Acta Theriologica
|
2000
|
tom 45
|
nr 3
Distribution and occupancy of setts by badgers Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758) were surveyed in Białowieża Primeval Forest (1450 km ), one of the best preserved temperate lowland forests in Europe, in 1946-1961 and 1979-1999. In the Belarussian part of BPF in 1946-1951, badger density was estimated as 0.33 setts and 1.27 individuals/10 km . After predator control in the late 1950s, the number of active setts decreased to 0.09/10 km2 in 1961. Since the 1970s, badger population has been recovering; in 1979-1999, it averaged 0.16 setts and 0.61 ind/10 km . In Lhe Polish part of BPF, where badgers were not hunted, the densities in 1996-1999 were estimated as 0.41 setts and 1.57 ind/10 kra . I n the whole BPF, badger main setts were spaced regularly, with the nearest neighbour distance between active setts varying from 2.2 to 13.3 km (mean = 5.3 km, SD = 2.1). Surveys of 21 main setts during 1979-1999 (totally 171 sett-years) revealed that badgers occupied the setts in 68.4% of cases, raccoon dogs Nyctereules procyonoides in 12.9%, and red foxes Vulpes vulpes in 7%. Joint utilisation of the same setts by badgers and raccoon dogs was recorded in 5.3% of cases. Reviewing the literature on badger densities in 35 localities in the Palaeartic region showed that badgers attained rather high densities on the British Isles (14.9 setts/10 km , range 1.1-45.5; and 93.8 ind/10 km , range 8.6-307.0) compared to continental Eurasia (1.7 setts/10 km2, range 0.4-6.5; and 6.3 ind/10 km2, range 1.6-15.2). The number of badgers inhabiting a sett increased with log density of setts. Densities of badger setts did not depend on latitude but were negatively correlated with forest cover (p = 0.22, p - 0.008). We proposed that the biological mechanism behind this relationship was the higher biomass and availability of earthworms in open pastures and grasslands than in forests.
18

Feeding habits and trophic niche overlap in a Carnivora community of Hungary

67%
Lanszki J., Kormendi S., Hancz C., Zalewski A.
Acta Theriologica
|
1999
|
tom 44
|
nr 4
The seasonal feeding habits of the red fox Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758), the stone marten Martes foina (Erxleben, 1777), the stoat Mustela erminea Linnaeus, 1758, the badger Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758) and the otter Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) were studied in south-west Hungary, in the course of four years. The habitat conditions, because of human influences, were different in the first and second two years. Diet was examined by scat analysis (238, 262, 67, 50 and 1033 samples, respectively). Small mammals, mainly rodents, were the most important prey for foxes, stone martens and stoats in winter and spring. In summer and autumn insects and fruit were added to fox and marten diet, while birds were added to stoat diet. The badger's main food resources were invertebrates (mainly insects) and maize and, in autumn, rodents. Domestic animals (mainly poultry and rabbit) occurred in the diet of the foxes and martens in all seasons, carcasses (mainly Cervidae) in the diet of these predators and in that of the badgers. The predominant prey of otters was fish, but when the abundance of fish declined, the consumption of amphibians increased. Predation on game birds and hare was not significant. In all seasons, niche overlap was high between foxes, martens and stoats. Niche overlap between these species and the badger increased from spring to autumn. Niche overlap between terrestrial predators and the otter was low. The diet of predators were different between the 1st and 2nd periods.
19

Badger Meles meles sett site selection in low density Mediterranean areas of central Spain

67%
Virgos E., Casanovas J. G.
Acta Theriologica
|
1999
|
tom 44
|
nr 2
We studied the habitat selection of badgers Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758) in a mountainous area of central Spain through badger sett location, in relation to a series of variables related to the micro and macrohabitat structure considered potentially important for habitat requirements (food and shelter) were choosen. The analysis was carried out using the Savage index (W) for use/availability data, Badgers in this area prefer mid-elevation mountain areas, where both dehesas (open woods with pastures) and pine forests prevail. Lower elevation areas were avoided, Badgers are associated with watercourses, but we found, no significant differences for distance to villages or for roughness. Badgers preferred trees and rock covered areas, which provided shelter places. Badger conservation in Mediterranean mountains requires mosaic habitats (dehesas). The low density that has been found could be due both to human factors (eg persecution and habitat loss) and to a probable low suitability value of Mediterranean environ­ments for the badger. Department of Animal Biology I (Vertebrate Zoology), Faculty of Biological Sciences.
20

Changes of forest flora composition in vicinity of dens of red fox and setts of Euroasian badger

67%
Obidzinski A., Glogowski R.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2005
|
tom 53
|
nr 2
Denning and sett construction made by the red fox and Eurasian badger may cause changes in forest vegetation. These changes relate to both the cover and the species composition of forest-floor vegetation, with some plant species being eliminated and some promoted in the vicinity of dens and setts. In general, there is a reduction in the number and coverage of acidophilous, oligotrophic and skiophilous species, and a promotion of basophilous, eutrophic and heliophilous ones. There is also a decline in the abundance and cover of geophytes, chamephytes and phanerophytes, and an increase in the role of bryophytes (as well as therophytes and hemicryptophytes in the case of badger setts). Where dens are concerned, species characteristic for the Vaccinio-Piceetea Br.-Bl. 1939 and QuercoFagetea Br.-Bl. et Vlieg. 1937 classes are less significant, and those typical for Artemisietea vulgaris Lohm., Prsg et R.Tx1971950moresignificant. On badger setts, species characteristic of the class Epilobietea angustifoliae R.Tx. et Prsg 1950 are also more significant. The disturbanes brought about by the activity of badgers are more evident than those induced by foxes, but they do not differ in terms of their ecological nature.
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