Wyniki wyszukiwania

1

Comments on the use of nutrients by athletes

100%

Raczynska B.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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1998

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tom 07

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nr 6

2

Association of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism in Polish rowers

88%

Jastrzebski Z., Leonska-Duniec A., Kolbowicz M., Tomiak T.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity. The Journal of Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport

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2014

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tom 06

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nr 3

Background: The ACTN3 R577X polymorphism has been associated with an elite athlete status. Several studies have determined that the R allele is connected with power-oriented athletic performance, whereas the nonfunctional XX genotype may give some beneficial effect for endurance performance. The main aim of the study was to determine the possible interaction between the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and an endurance athlete status in a group of Polish rowers in comparison with sedentary individuals. Material/Methods: 121 male Polish rowers, members of academic sports clubs, and 115 unrelated volunteers were recruited for the study. Genotyping for the R577X variant was performed by PCR–RFLP. Results: The genotype distribution amongst the rowers (52.06% RR, 38.85% RX, 9.09% XX) was significantly different from that amongst sedentary individuals (RR-33.5%; RX- 49.60%; XX-17,35%; P = 0.024). A significant excess of the R allele was noted in the rowers (71.48%, P = 0.008) when comparing with the controls (60.0%). Conclusions: The obtained results show that the ACTN3 X allele and XX genotype are underrepresented in Polish rowers and they are not advantageous for the endurance-type athletes in the studied population. On the contrary, the R allele seems to be useful for a top-level rower. However, additional studies are needed to clarify this problem.

3

Aspects of pain in sport

88%

Pawlak M.

Trends in Sport Sciences

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2013

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tom 20

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nr 3

From a physiological point of view, pain in sport has an informative function, indicating the maximum load capacity of the body and especially of those areas which are usually exposed to maximum loads and, consequently, damage or injury. Pain in an athlete’s body usually has a specific cause, predictable duration, and proven methods of treatment. Pain is part of the sporting experience, irrespective of whether the discipline is a contact or a non-contact sport. Interest in the problems of pain in sport has been growing in recent years, as demonstrated by the host of scientific publications referred to in the paper, and in general the number of articles and studies available in thematic databases. The problem of pain in sport will become increasingly important, not least because of the increasingly higher load on athletes in all disciplines, as shown by the successive new world records. Also, the increasing number of amateur and recreational athletes will require appropriate studies. As this group is not sufficiently prepared for the effort, it is very susceptible to injury. Pain in sport can also be expected to continue to gain in importance considering the increasing number of active elderly people, especially in European countries. The article emphasizes that better knowledge of this area may have practical applications in the training process of athletes as well as persons who are physically active during their working life and after retirement. Furthermore, pain in sport may, due to advances in biological and medical sciences, give rise to new research areas. In this paper, the main trends of scientific problems and research concerning biological aspects of pain in sport are presented.

4

Effects of training on the ventilatory response to hypoxia

88%

Adamczyk W., Tafil-Klawe M., Chesy G., Klawe J. J., Szeliga-Wczysla M., Zlomanczuk P.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

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2006

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tom 57

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nr 4

7-14

The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of systematical training on the ventilatory response to hypoxia. A rebreathing technique - progressive isocapnic hypoxia - was used to measure hypoxic chemoreflex reactivity. The ventilatory response was measured in a group of 22 world class adult kayakers (22.6 ±1.9 yr), 16 young kayakers (17.8 ±1.1 yr), and 38 control subjects (21.9 ±1.9 yr). The ventilatory response to hypoxia - analyzed as the relationship (slope) MV/SaO2 (minute ventilation/oxygen arterial blood saturation) - in the adult kayakers was significantly lower (-1.03 ±0.28 L/min/%, P<0.01) compared with those in the control group (-1.81 ±0.54 L/min/%) and the young kayakers (-1.54 ±0.6 L/min/%; the difference between the latter two was insignificant). The following values of P0.1/SaO2 (mouth occlusion pressure/oxygen arterial blood saturation) relationship were found for the investigated groups: adult kayakers (-0.20 ±0.1 cmH2O/%, P<0.05), young kayakers (-0.47 ±0.1 cmH2O/%, N.S.), control group (-0.48 ±0.18 cm H2O/%). Correlation between the hypoxic ventilatory response and VO2max was significant in both groups of kayakers. These findings indicate that tolerance for hypoxia was elevated in the group of athletes compared with the control group. Hypoxic tolerance correlates with the duration of training.

5

Is there a relationship between inflammation and depression in athletes?

88%

Ostapiuk-Karolczuk J., Kasperska A., Botwina R.

Trends in Sport Sciences

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2015

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tom 22

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nr 3

Overtraining is a maladaptive state of athlete’s body related to the physical, behavioral and emotional condition, occurring when exercise training exceeds the recoverability. The cytokine hypothesis of overtraining promoted in recent years is seen as the prevailing theory explaining the understanding of the overtraining phenomenon. The high level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNFα, IL-1β) involved in the inflammatory response may strongly influence not only the central nervous system but also the endocrine and immune systems. Moreover, there is a range of factors in athlete’s life that appear to increase the risk of depression development, such as psychological and emotional stress associated with sports competition. The aim of this review was to reveal the role of high level of proinflammatory cytokines observed in OTS with the possible occurrence of depression symptoms in athletes. Latest findings have shown an important role of the same pro-inflammatory cytokines in the development of depression. The study discusses a potential mechanism responsible for the development of depression in athletes, which may be helpful in the quick diagnosis of depression basis in athletes. Due to the low number of studies concerning depression and inflammation in athletes further research should be conducted.

6

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The equilibrium function as an indicator of symmetry of functional status of arm wrestlers

75%

Chernogorov D. N., Matveyev Y. A., Bezzubov A. A.

Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Kultura Fizyczna

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2017

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tom 16

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nr 1

The article is devoted to the study of asymmetry in physical development of arm wrestling athletes at the stage of sports perfection. It presents the results of a pedagogical experiment with the use of static motor-cognitive tests and stabilometry in the detection of asymmetry and proves the effectiveness of the developed system of physical training, based on the achieved improvements of the indicators of equilibrium function of arm wrestlers compared to the standard training system.

7

Attitudes of physical education students towards masters athletes

75%

Kusy K., Staniewska A., Zielinski J.

Studies in Physical Culture and Tourism

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2012

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tom 19

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nr 1

8

Vyuziti hodnoceni klidoveho energetickeho vydeje u vybranych nutricnich stavu. Cast I: hodnoceni klidoveho energetickeho vydeje sportovce jako vychodisko odhadu utilizace a obratu zakladnich energetickych substratu

75%

Martinik K., Fiala Z., Fialova D., Ryba J., Komestik B.

Żywienie Człowieka i Metabolizm. Suplement

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2000

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tom 27

9

Evaluation of pain in athletes - selected methods

75%

Leznicka K.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2013

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tom 03

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nr 3

It is generally believed that athletes experience pain in a different way than normally active individuals. Many scientists have confirmed the hypothesis that long-term physical activity can alter the perception of pain, i.e. athletes have a higher pain sensation and pain tolerance thresholds. The measurement of pain intensity is carried out using subjective methods based on verbal and non-verbal information, describing the clinical characteristics of pain. These psychological methods include the use of scales and questionnaires. Objective methods (thermal, mechanical and electrical) are used only to determine the pain sensation and pain tolerance thresholds. The specificity and prevalence of chronic pain syndromes have resulted in the increased number of studies on healthy and physically active individuals. It seems that determination of the effects of exercise on the perception of pain might help in the understanding of mechanisms of pain generation.

10

A comparison of psychological well-being in athlete and non-athlete women

75%

Alamdarloo G. H., Shijaee S., Asadmanesh E., Shahin H. S., Rangani A., Negahdarifard S.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity. The Journal of Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport

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2019

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tom 11

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nr 2

11

Dependence of aerobic performance of athletes on polymorphism of genes

75%

Drozdovska S. B., Lysenko O. M., Dosenko V. E., IIyin V. N.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2015

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tom 09

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nr 1

The adaptation of an athlete to systematic physical exercise has been shown to be determined by a combination of great many genes. The aim of our study was to investigate the dependence of the aerobic capacity parameters in sport on the set of gene polymorphisms. Cardio-respiratory system (CRS) adaptation reactions to exercise of 72 endurance athletes were assessed using the gas analysis. The analysis of the obtained results has shown both single and combined effect of the gene polymorphisms on the aerobic capacity. The impact of 6 polymorphisms on the aerobic performance level was analyzed: Т–786→С polymorphism of the promoter of еNOS gene as well as АСЕ I/D polymorphism, Рго/Ala polymorphism of PPARG gene, G/C polymorphism of PPARA gene, Pro582Ser polymorphism of HIF1α gene, and Ala203Pro polymorphism of PPARGC1B. It was found that a single impact on the HRmax providing АСЕ I/D polymorphism. Individual influence of АСЕ gene accounts for 2% of this index dissipation. Results showed that there is a dependence between the amount the maximum volume of consumed oxygen (VO2max) from the set of gene polymorphisms. Cumulative impact of these polymorphisms in the combination with the individual parameters (gender; qualification; kind of sport) stipulates 71% of dispersion of VO2max value.

12

Assessment of knowledge and attitude in the field of doping in young athletes of team games

75%

Duda H., Stula A.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2022

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tom 37

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nr 01

13

Evaluation for magnesium and vitamin B6 supplementation among Polish elite athletes

75%

Czaja J., Lebiedzinska A., Marszall M., Szefer P.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

|

2011

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tom 62

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nr 4

Współczesny sport wyczynowy często wymaga od zawodników ogromnego wysiłku, który przekracza ich maksymalne możliwości fizyczne i umysłowe. Sportowcy często mają złe nawyki żywieniowe i spożywają suplementy diety zawierające magnez i witaminę B6 w celu uzupełnienia niedoborów żywieniowych. Celem badań było oznaczanie zawartości magnezu i witaminy B6 w całodziennych racjach pokarmowych sportowców wyczynowych w Polsce i ocena uzasadnienia suplementacji diety. Zawartość magnezu i witaminy B6 oznaczano w 62 zebranych i 12 odtworzonych całodziennych racjach pokarmowych profesjonalnych biegaczy. Do oznaczania magnezu i witaminy B6 wykorzystano odpowiednio metodę spektroskopii absorpcyjno atomowej i HPLC. Analizowane całodzienne racje pokarmowe kobiet dostarczały 256 ± 111 mg magnezu i 2,04 ± 0,63 mg witaminy B6, podczas gdy całodzienne racje pokarmowe mężczyzn dostarczały 284 ± 58 mg magnezu i 2,12 ± 0,68 mg witaminy B6. Analiza przeprowadzona z udziałem programu komputerowego wykazała 159-181% wyższą zawartość magnezu i witaminy B6 w porównaniu do wartości oznaczonych laboratoryjnie. Wyniki badań wykazały, że analizowane całodzienne racje pokarmowe sportowców dostarczały zbyt małych ilości magnezu, co może uzasadniać suplementację diety tym pierwiastkiem. Całodzienne racje pokarmowe pokrywały natomiast dzienne zapotrzebowanie (RDA) na witaminę B6, dlatego też suplementacja diety tym składnikiem nie była uzasadniona.

14

The PPARa gene polymorphism in team sports athletes

75%

Ahmetov I. I., Egorova E. S., Mustafina L. J.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2013

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tom 01

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nr 1

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a transcription factor that regulates lipid and glucose metabolism. Accumulating evidence suggests that the intron 7 C allele of the PPARA gene rs4253778 G/C polymorphism has an advantage for power-oriented athletes, presumably due to the hypertrophic effects on skeletal muscle and increase in glucose utilization in response to anaerobic exercise. The G allele, however, is said to be favorable for the endurance-oriented athletes. The metabolic demands of team sports involve aerobic and anaerobic energy pathways, as a result of the intermittent physical activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the PPARA gene polymorphism and team-sport athletic status. A total of 665 Russian athletes from 14 team sports and 1,706 controls were involved in the case-control study. We found that the frequency of the PPARA C allele was significantly higher in athletes compared to controls (20.5 vs. 16.4%, P = 0.0009), suggesting that anaerobic rather than aerobic metabolism may be crucial to the game performance in team sports. This means that our study indicates the association between the PPARA gene G/C polymorphism and team-sport athletic status. Although more replication studies are needed, the preliminary data suggest an opportunity to use the analysis of PPARA polymorphism, along with other gene variations and standard phenotypic assessment in team sports selection.

15

Assessment of dietary behaviour of young women particularly vulnerable to eating disorders

75%

Lagowska K.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Food Science and Technology

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2016

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tom 19

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nr 1

16

Influence of vestibular irritation on stabilometric indicators of statokinetic stability of football players

75%

Nazarenko A. S., Chinkin A. S.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2015

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tom 09

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nr 1

The dynamics of stabilometric indicators of players and non-athletes is considered. It is shown that in the Romberg sample with eyes open and closed disparities in maintaining the balance between players and non-athletes are practically not detected. The most significant shifts of the stabilometric performance we observed in the vestibular stimulation in the Romberg sample with eyes open, which is significantly less than that of the players.

17

Hormonal adaptation and the stress of exercise training: the role of glucocorticoids

75%

Hackney A. C., Walz E. A.

Trends in Sport Sciences

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2013

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tom 20

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nr 4

18

An analysis of the barbell motion depending on its weight in disabled powerlifting

75%

Seidel W., Zurowska A.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity. The Journal of Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport

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2014

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tom 06

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nr 3

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the symmetry of flexion and extension movements in upper limbs in disabled powerlifters during bench press with different barbell loads. Material/Methods: 29 disabled athletes from the National Powerlifting Team were examined. Mean age was between 23.9 ± 6.1. Mean sport experience was 5.4 ± 3.6 years. Results: Both flexion and extension movement were performed symmetrically, which was indicated by an insignificant (p < 0.05) difference in the movement onset in the left and the right upper limb. Conclusions: Time differences in the movement onset and the achievement of maximal angular velocity were statistically insignificant in all trials (loads from 40% to 95% 1RM). During extension with loads over 60% 1RM differences in time of achieving maximal angular velocity were statistically significant or close.

19

Development of physical qualities among 5-6 years old children who do swimming

75%

Shuba L., Shuba V.

Sport i Turystyka. Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe

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2019

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tom 02

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nr 2

Swimming is an Olympic kind of sport in which sportsmen demonstrate their technical skills and speed and also set worldwide records. The chosen sport combines the possibility of harmonious development of the body, wellbeing orientation, and emotionality. The predominant orientation of the training process in the groups of initial training is the training and improvement of swimming skills in sporting ways, the development of overall endurance, flexibility and speed of movement. The goal is to improve the technique of development of physical qualities of 5-6 year-old swimmers at the stage of initial training. Organization of the research. We divided a school year symbolically into 2 semesters. There was an indepth study of swimming techniques like crawl and backstroke and familiarization with the elements of swimming in a dolphin way during the first half of the year (October-December). The second half (January-May) was devoted to improving such swimming techniques as crawl and backstroke. Results. It is important to determine the target indicators - the final and intermediate (current), which can be judged on the implementation of tasks; develop a general scheme for constructing a training process; determine the dynamics of training parameters and loads, as well as the system of restoration of work, aimed at achieving the main and intermediate goals in order to maximize the implementation of our methodology. As a result, the best growth of the results was in the tests: flexion and unbending of the hands in lying position: Control Group (hereinafter CG) – 9,71%; Experimental Group (hereinafter EG) – 15, 21%; body inclination forward in sitting position: CG – by 6,34%; EG – 12,62%; burpee: CG – 8,65%; EG – 16,34%; high jump: CG – 8,37%; EG – 14,03%. Conclusions. The obtained results testify the effectiveness of our improved methodology, which aim is to use specially selected exercises and has an alternative percentage distribution of all components of sports training.

20

Assessment of asymmetrical lower limb loading in the short-track speed skaters

75%

Koczorowska A., Dajczak M., Mroczek A., Lepsy E.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2023

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tom 41

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nr 01

Ograniczanie wyników

Comments on the use of nutrients by athletes

Association of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism in Polish rowers

Aspects of pain in sport