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The aim of the work was to verify the currently available valuation approaches and algorithms, as illustrated with the example of a farming property located in the Małopolska region. The valuation of agricultural real estate property was carried out using the comparative approach (statistical method of market analysis, using a multiple linear regression model), then the income-based approach (investment method, by simple capitalization technique), and finally, the mixed approach (method of land index estimates). The analysis we have conducted produced varying results of the determination of value when using different valuation approaches. In the comparative and income-based approach, the values were obtained at a very similar level, which most probably results from correctly selected similar properties in both databases. The value of real estate obtained using the mixed approach turned out to be an excessively low and inadequate value compared to the values obtained in the other two approaches.
This work presents the analysis of the effect of compost addition on leaching of mineral nitrogen from arable land, plant biomass production and soil properties. Compost used for experiment consists of the basic raw materials for the production of reclamation substrates in company CKB. These substrates are often used for restoring the damaged agricultural lands. Therefore, this compost was applied in increased doses (300% of recommended dose) to determine the potential impact on the parameters above. To demonstrate this effect, five variants with same doses of compost and different doses of mineral and organic fertilizers, were prepared. The highest decrease of mineral nitrogen leaching was observed by the simultaneous applications of soluble humic substances and compost to soil samples, about 400% in comparison with the control variant.
This paper describes some characteristics and properties of low molecular compounds - labile fraction, isolated from dissolved organic matter in ground and surface waters on arable land. The differences in composition of labile fraction using IR spectroscopy were studied. Also, the ability of labile fraction to heavy metals complexation was analyzed.
A field trial with four grass species was established in the year 1996 in Prague, The stands were one or three times per year cut with the mass removing or one or two times mulched The dry mass yields and the share of the sown species (by weight method) were measured from the third to the sixth year of vegetation. The highest share of the sown species with the slowliest decreasing during the years was at Arrhenatherum elatius (41-72% in the sixth year), Bromus catharticus extincted in the fifth year. The species choose had a higher importance for conserving of the original botanical composition than the way of harvest.
The project presents research involving an analysis and evaluation of water supply of poorly permeable soils in drained arable lands. The analysis dealt with research conducted in 2003–2005 at similar meteorological conditions in an agricultural submountain catchment area situated in Central Sudety. In particular, the analysis concerned water and air properties of examined deposits with regard to their water-retention. The measurements of moisture density of soil profi les and calculated water supplies in layers 1–100 cm showed a crosssection of reserves of soil retention. This depended on the depth and lay of the land as well as drainage conditions. In the lower drainage area at the foot of the slope there was a notably higher level of groundwater than in other places on the slope. In areas where rainfall was the exclusive source of groundwater the measured water-supplies were lower than in multi-sourced drainage areas. The amount of measured supplies for the vegetation period spanning the whole research time was not lower than 70% of the fi eld-water capacity.
В сосудах опытах исследовали лодородие песчаной почвы содержащей ниже 10% илистых частиц взятой из под длительной залежи, черного пара и кратко- и долговременного севооборота. Применяли два уровня минерального удобрения. В сосудах был посеян овес сорта Диадем, с оставлением по 15 растений на сосуд. Установлено снижение плодородия почвы из под черного пара. Высшая масса зерна без минерального удобрения была получена на почве из под севооборота, а в условиях удобрения NPK - на почве из под залежи. Влияние удобрения на образующие урожай признаки овса было очень сильным на всех сравниваемых почвах.
The aim of the respective investigations was to prove the possibility of productivity increase of arable sandy soils. Fifty three communes with a great prevalence of sandy soils were selected. The agricultural production of private peasant farms in the communes under study and in the whole country in the period 1980-1982 was characterized (Tables 1, 2). The same is done in relation to selected communes of higher productivity of soils as compared with average (Tables 3, 4). A growth of the NPK fertilization, of the share of barley, cereal mixtures, sugar beets and fodder root crops in sowings has been found in the selected communes in relation to remaining ones. Also a distinct differentiation of the structure of sowings and of livestock depending on increasing share of grasslands has been proved. It has been concluded that one of the basic conditions of arable sandy soil productivity increase would be a suitable adaptation of the structure of sowings and of livestock to natural conditions.
Analyses of the ground waters in respect of presence of residues of plant protection products, i.e. active substances as well as environmental metabolites thereof are performed in the Institute of Plant Protection since the end of 80ties of the past Century. Based on the results obtained in 1993–1994 for 40 wells located in administrative territories of former Poznań, Toruń and Bydgoszcz voivodeships, in the vicinity of intensive agricultural production areas (orchards, farms), wells where significant amounts of residues of triazines group and dealkylated metabolites thereof had been found previously were qualified to further studies. There were 6 wells in which triazine residues were determined most often. Additionally, based on hydrogeological maps, directions of underflows in the areas of well’s locations were determined as well. The aim of the above was to find the additional places for sampling waters distant from pollution sources and estimation of the level of residues of target compounds depending on distance from the basic wells. Seven triazine compounds including basic active substances (atrazine, simazine) and their metabolites [desethyl atrazine, desisopropyl atrazine, desethyldesisopropyl atrazine, hydroxyatrazine and hydroxysimazine] were selected for the presented studies. Residues were analyzed using methodologies designed in the Institute, i.e. solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by determination by chromatographic techniques HPLC-PDA, GC-NPD and GC-MS. Generally, during 11 years of investigations (1993–2003) samplings were performed 52 times and 323 samples of groundwater including that from additional wells were analyzed. Most often residues of atrazine and deethylatrazine in wells located in environs of Poznań were detected.
Vertisols with swell-shrink properties comprise most of the arable land in northwestern Turkey. These soils are important for agricultural activities. Seven sites were selected to represent Vertisols irrigated with polluted water from the Ayvali Canal. The soils occur on flat to gently sloping plains of the region. The soils were formed on marl parent material under thermic temperature and xeric moisture regimes in the western Bursa plain, Turkey. Some agricultural lands in the plain were irrigated with heavily polluted water from the Ayvali Canal. This is a unique surface water source for irrigation in the studied area. The morphology, physico-chemical properties and DTPA-extractable Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined in this research. The heavy metal concentrations were found in high levels in the upper horizon and decreased gradually throughout all the profiles studied. The results showed that accumulation of heavy metals in the upper horizon is due to long periods of irrigation with polluted surface water. Soil characterization was determined to provide useful information to understand the behavior of the heavy metal distribution throughout the soil profiles in the semiarid region with under intensive irrigation with polluted water.
rzedstawiono przesłanki do stosowania ekonomicznych środków zabezpieczenia ziemi rolniczej przed wyleczeniem jej z produkcji, a także ocenionej skuteczność stosowania takich środków. Przeanalizowano przeznaczenie środków finansowych uzyskanych z wyłączenia ziemi rolniczej z produkcji w latach 1975-1990 w skali całego kraju, jak również w regionie Polski północno-wschodniej. Na podstawie wypracowanych wniosków uznano, iż skuteczność dotychczas stosowanych środków ekonomicznych jest niewystarczająca, wskazano kierunki jej udoskonalenia.
This paper discusses some aspects of the research conducted in the hydrological years 2000/2001-2002/2003 on arable areas around several small water bodies located on the outskirts of villages in the commune of Kąty Wrocławskie. The aim of the paper was to assess the content of selected chemical elements in the groundwater and small water bodies. The water bodies included in the research appeared a few decades ago as a result of human activity; in Zybiszów and Bliż they are small post-mine water bodies, whereas in Smolec and Rybnica they are ponds filling former clay excavation sites. Their surface ranges widely between 0.05 and 2.2 ha, while the average depth reaches 1.2 to 3.5 m. Since no flows come to these water bodies, they are fed only by ground and rain water. In the research period the water level of the bodies fluctuated between 3 and 40 cm, while the maximum changes in the groundwater level were above 1 m. The examined waters contained elevated levels of elements, the fact which is directly related to the kind of soils in the region. Another factor affecting the content of elements is whether or not soils are used agriculturally. It has been observed that arable areas are distinguished by positive correlation of magnesium, potassium and sodium concentrations in ground and surface waters. Increased content of these elements in Rybnica suggests that the waters receive pollutants from nearby houses. In the groundwater examined the ratio of calcium and magnesium concentrations ranged from 2.7 to 6.9, whereas in the surface water it varied from 1.2 to 5.1. Values below 3 were obtained for both types of water only in Rybnica, which proves the influx of sewage from households.
Renta gruntowa to dochód z tytułu posiadania lub użytkowania gruntów rolnych. Wielkość renty gruntowej obrazuje w szczególności wpływ czynników przyrodniczych i poziomu inwestycji na efekty gospodarowania. W artykule przedstawiono propozycję obliczenia poszczególnych rodzajów renty gruntowej i jej sumarycznej wielkości, która po skapitalizowaniu może być wykorzystana do wyceny użytków rolnych.
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