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The economic importance of Spironucleus diseases led the authors to study the effect of aqueous and ethanol plant extracts on the growth of S. vortens. In the present study 0.025 g L⁻¹, 0.05 g L⁻¹ and 0.10 g L⁻¹ (w/v) aquatic and ethanol extracts of tetterwort (Chelidonium majus), purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea), garlic (Allium sativum), chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), horseradish (Armoracia rusticana), Bryophyllum pinnatum (Kolanchoe pinnata), oregano (Origanum vulgare), tansy (Tanacetum vulgare), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), and yarrow (Achillea millefolium) were tested against in vitro growth of Spironucleus vortens isolated from the digestive tract of discus (Symphysodon discus). The extracts of chestnut, garlic, horseradish, oregano and tansy were found to be the most effective. The 0.10 g L⁻¹ extracts of these plants attained a high level of over 90% parasite growth inhibition, while their 0.025 g L⁻¹ extracts, with the exception of the oregano, attained 60% parasite growth inhibition. The results of the study confirmed that natural products are potential sources of new agents for the treatment and control of spironucleosis.
Parasites in dogs – prevention and control according to the questionnaire analysis. The aim of the study was to determine the extent of knowledge of dog owners on the incidence of parasitic diseases, their negative consequences and preventive measures. The research material was based on data from 162 anonymous questionnaires. The study was conducted in the period between July and October 2015, among owners of dogs living in different regions of Poland. Analysis of the results showed that most respondents were aware of the dangers posed by the development of parasitic diseases in their animals, however the extent of their knowledge was insufficient and required further deepening. Unfortunately, 6% of owners do not use any form of antiparasitic prophylaxis. Less than half of the respondents declared that they regularly pick up their dog’s waste. More than half of the surveyed owners were not aware of the type and programme of antiparasitic prevention used by the vets, or the necessary changes in the dog's pharmacological treatment. The largest group of owners (32% of respondents) used the prevention of ectoparasites twice a year. Nearly half of the respondents used antiparasitic drops as a precaution against ectoparasitic diseases, while 33% used antiparasitic collars. 40% of respondents seeking to increase the effectiveness of protection against parasitic infestations applied two different forms of treatment simultaneously. The results of the questionnaire surveys indicated, according to specialists recommendations, that there was insufficient frequency of using antiparasitic treatment against endoparasites. Single deworming was performed by 41% of respondents while the smallest group of respondents (12%) did it three times.
The diagnostics of the Trypanosoma sp. invasion by means of the classic methods i.e. the methods of thin smears or thick drop or even the microhematocrite method, especially when intensity of infection is low, is very difficult. In our climatic zone, trypanosomosis is usually considered as an exotic disease. An opportunistic model of the infection with the parasite and a lack of current data on the prevalence of T. theileri in the cattle in Poland cause that it is neglected as a potential reason of contamination of tissue cultures in cattle. We showed the presence of T. theileri in culture of isolated lymphocytes from one of six heifers examined. It seems that the prevalence of the invasion of the parasite is not very intense but it should be considered as a possible threat for bovine cell culture. It is also worth including this parasitosis in the differential diagnostics of other diseases that are infectious and/or proceed with symptoms of immunosuppression.
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