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The experimental materials comprised 400 Ross 308 chickens (200 ♂ and 200 ♀), divided randomly into four groups kept in 16 pens, as follows: a negative control group (I) – a diet without additives, a positive control group (II) – a diet supplemented with a combination of the antibiotic growth promoter flavomycin (10 mg kg⁻¹ feed) and the coccidiostat robenidine (500 mg kg⁻¹ starter and grower feed), and two experimental groups – diets supplemented with chemically standardized propolis – 10 mg kg⁻¹ feed in group 3 and 50 mg kg⁻¹ feed in group IV. The body weights of chickens were determined once a week. Feed intake, mortality and culling rates were monitored regularly. At the end of the experiment, on day 42, 12 chickens (6 ♂ and 6 ♀) were selected from each group for slaughter and carcass quality analysis. The final body weights of chickens, feed intake (kg) per kg body weight and carcass weight during the rearing period did not differ significantly between groups. The lowest feed intake per kg lean meat was noted in chickens fed a diet with 50 mg propolis/kg feed (3.457 kg), and the highest – in broilers fed a diet with 10 mg propolis/kg feed (3.611 kg). The weight of carcass and selected carcass parts (neck, breast, legs) tended to increase in chickens that received propolis, although the noted differences were statistically non-significant. The percentage content of legs in the carcass was significantly lower in chickens fed a diet with an antibiotic growth promoter (AGP). The legs of chickens fed 50 mg propolis had a significantly higher muscle content and a lower fat content, compared with the legs of birds fed a diet with AGP.
The effect of feeding ration, enriched in synthetic and natural ß-carotene on the selectedindicators of health condition of the cows and on reproduction parameters. The studies were conducted on 40 Simmental cows, classified into 4 groups, 10 animals in each group. The experiment was performed since the 4th week before calving until 12 week of lactation. In group I (control), standard nutrition, based on grass silage and maize silage was employed. In group II 400 mg of synthetic ß-carotene/cow/day to the ration was introduced. In group III, a part of maize silage was replaced by pumpkin silage in such ratio as to receive by 400 mg higher intake of natural ß-carotene/cow/day as compared to group I. The rations in group IV were not balanced in respect of the content of ß-carotene; there was only the replacement of 60% DM of maize silage by the pumpkin silage in this group. During the studies, blood samples were collected: to 5 hours after calving and on 4 and 12 week of lactation. Milk samples were collected on 4, 8 and 12 week of lactation and on 23 day after the first insemination. Morphological parameters of blood and concentration of ß-hydroxy-butyric acid in blood serum were analysed. In milk, somatic cell count and the level of progesterone on 23 day after insemination were determined. In group I during the following measurements were found the lowest levels of part of the morphological parameters of blood: after calving the lowest level of RBC (significant difference compared to group II), at 4th week of lactation the lowest level of HCT, and at 12 week of lactation RBC and HCT. The significant differences in somatic cell count in the milk, were recorded in the 8th week of lactation –significantly higher in group I as compared to group III. The significant differences between the groups in respect of BHM acid concentration was found only after calving. The highest BHM level occurred in the cows from group I and it was significantly higher in relation to group II and IV. In the cows from groups II, III and IV, the first heat occurred earlier; these animals had also shorter inter-gestation period. Also, the progesterone level, as determined on 23 day after insemination, was higher in the milk of cows from groups II, III and IV as compared to the animals from group I.
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The objective of this study was to determine whether silica grit is a necessary dietary additive for turkeys raised in intensive production farms, and whether it can be replaced by other supplements such as charcoal or hardwood ash. The conclusions were formulated based on performance results, blood hematological and biochemical indices, the slaughter quality of turkeys, as well as on the chemical and physicochemical properties of turkey meat. The experimental material comprised 360 male Big 6 heavy-type turkeys randomly divided into 4 treatments and raised on litter until 20 weeks of age. Birds of all treatments were fed identical complete pelleted basal diets. The experimental factor were various feed supplements in each group. The control treatment was fed a diet without supplements. The diets for experimental groups were supplemented with silica grit (SG), charcoal (CH) or hardwood ash (HA) in the amount of 0.3% of the administered feed mix. Dietary supplements were administered from the first day of life until the end of the rearing period. No significant changes in blood hematological and biochemical indices of turkeys were observed. Silica grit (SG) had an adverse effect on the performance results of turkeys, while the addition of both CH and HA had a highly beneficial impact. The best results were reported in respect of charcoal. The treatment fed a diet supplemented with CH was characterized by the lowest mortality rate of 4.4%, i.e. half that observed in the control group, body weight higher by 3.9% and rearing efficiency index higher by 9.7%.
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Meat quality of fattening pigs fed yellow lupin-based diets. The 30 crossbred pigs [(Landrace x Yorkshire) x Duroc] were fattened in 3. phase fattening period. In their nutrition as a source of protein was used soybean meal (Group C) or soybean meal and seeds of yellow lupine in the amount of 7.5% (Group E1) and 15% (Group E2). After achieving body weight of about 117.5 kg animals were slaughtered. The samples of Musculus longissimus lumborum collected from all slaughtered pigs. Significant differences were found in drip loss percentage between groups C and E1 (P ≤0.05). As regards the fatty acids, there were lower proportions of C18:2 in group E1 vs C (P ≤0.05) and of C18:2 and C20:4 in group E2 vs C (P ≤0.01). Differences in PUFA percentage, PUFA/SFA ratio, and proportion of n-6 fatty acids were significant, with lower values of the traits in group E1 vs C (P ≤0.05) and in group E2 vs C (P ≤0.01), which shows that the dietetic value of pork has slightly deteriorated. The chemical composition and the physical parameters of the meat samples were normal and at a similar level in all the groups.
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