Potato starch was thermolyzed under ammonia at 140-220°C for 2 to 6 h. Ammonia clearly inhibited dextrinization of starch and under the most drastic experimental conditions (6 h, 220°C) almost negligibly bound to starch. Neither temperature nor reaction time influenced linearly the aqueous solubility and water binding capacity of resulting British gums. The combination of the reaction parameters provided formation of more hydrophobic products with higher- water binding capacity.
Celem podjętych badań było określenie skuteczności fitoremediacji, jako proekologicznej metody ograniczania amoniaku w powietrzu usuwanym z kurnika. Badania prowadzono w obiekcie doświadczalnym złożonym ze stanowiska z kurami nieśnymi i szklarni zbudowanej nad kurnikiem, przez którą przepływało zanieczyszczone powietrze. Badania porównawcze wykonano w 3 kolejnych miesiącach, ze względu na zmieniające się warunki pogodowe. Wstępne badania dały wyniki uzasadniające rozważenie metody fitoremediacji, jako ekologicznej alternatywy w oczyszczaniu powietrza usuwanego z budynków inwentarskich.
The global emission of ammonia is about 62 million tons of NH₃ a year with about 42% of this value contributed by animal production. In European countries where farming is based mostly on animal production the latter accounts for 72 % of this emission. Ammonia is a troublesome pollutant of the atmosphere since it is quickly removed from it in the form of wet and dry precipitation. The precipitation of ammonia and its product - ammonium ion brings about the acidification of waters and soil and the eutrophication of forest habitats and natural ecosystems. The emission of ammonia from agricultural sources in Poland in 1992 has been estimated at 416 thousand tons of NH₃, with 306 thousand tons of this amount from animal production. The emission showed strong drop compared to 1985, this being due mostly to the liquidation of state farms, since the emission of ammonia in voivodships with traditionally good agriculture or basing on milk production decreased but slightly during this time. The emission of ammonia from agriculture in Poland contributes to 30% of acid rains.