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This study was conducted to investigate toxic effects of Pb on growth and nutrient uptake in Black gram. Black gram was subjected to seven (5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100 & 200 kg-1) levels of lead. Due to Pb toxicity, plant growth was adversely affected and relatively a severe reduction in root biomass was recorded. The Pb accumulation increased with the increase in lead concentrations. The uptake of different nutrients, i.e., N, P, K, Ca and Mg was reduced in black gram due to the lead treatment.
This study evaluated agronomic traits of 111 genotypes of black gram Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, mainly from Pakistan, to determine the extent of genetic diversity. Seed proteins were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. High genetic variance was observed for days to flowering, days to maturity, number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant, biomass/plant, grain yield/plant and harvest index, whereas low genetic variance was observed for pod length, seeds/pod and 100-seed weight in both years studied. SDS-PAGE of seed proteins showed low inter-accession diversity and no clear differentiation on the basis of origin or source. The genotypes in one cluster with similar agronomic characters did not necessarily belong to the same origin or source. The lack of a geographic pattern of germplasm collected from Pakistan was probably due to exchange of germplasm between neighbouring regions, or because germplasm represented progenies of the same ancestors. Clustering of advanced breeding lines along with an approved variety in one group revealed that only a portion of the genetic diversity has been exploited for improvement of black gram. It is suggested that the genetic base of cultivated black gram should be broadened by involving diverse parents in the breeding programme. Expansion of the genetic base for black gram breeding might be accomplished by systematic use of germplasm that differs in protein profiles and has better quantitative traits.
The physico-chemical parameters of the content in the effluents from Rajasree sugar factory of Villupuram district have been explored and its impact on the germination and growth patterns of black gram varieties has been studied. Physico-chemical parameters included color, odour, pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, suspended solids, dissolved solids, BOD, COD, chloride, sulphate, calcium, oil and grease concentration. Germination studies was conducted with black gram seed varieties (ADT-3, ADT-5, Vamban-3, Vamban-5 and Co-6) treated with different concentrations (control, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 % ) of sugar mill effluent. Germination studies parameters such as germination percentage, germination index, shoot length, root length, fresh and dry weight of seedlings were found to be increased up to 10 % concentration of effluent. Vigour index, tolerance index, percentage of phytotoxicity and germination index were also calculated. The above mentioned parameters were decreased with the increase of effluent concentrations (25-100 %).
The recent experiment was conducted to assess the effect of herbicide (quizalafop-p-ethyl) on growth, photosynthetic pigments, enzymes and yield of Black gram (Vigna mungo L.) during the summer season 2013-2014. This experiment comprised black gram (variety ADT 3) and different concentrations of herbicide (quizalafop-p-ethyl) treatments compared with control. Reduction in growth, photosynthetic pigments, enzymes and yield parameters were observed with 0.5 % herbicide application followed by 1 %, 1.5 % and 2 %, out of all treatments 0.5 % shows least reduction. Thus, 0.5 % herbicide application is the safest way for weed control in Black gram field as it showed least adverse effect on growth, photosynthetic pigments, enzymes and yield of crop when compared with other treatments.
Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses which adversely affect crop growth and production worldwide as water is vital for every aspect of plant growth and development. The present experiment was carried out during the growing seasons (September – December) of 2012 and 2013 to evaluate the response of black gram (Vigna mungo L.) and green gram (Vigna radiata L.) in terms of some important growth indices, biochemical traits and seed quality under drought stress. Four commonly grown genotypes - T9, KU 301(black gram) and Pratap, SG 21-5 (green gram) of Assam, India were grown in a randomized block design with three replications under stress and non-stress conditions. Stress was applied by withholding irrigation for fifteen consecutive days at vegetative, flowering and pod filling stages. Leaf area index (LAI), seed protein content and protein yield significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.01) whereas proline, total flavonoids and anthocyanin content increased significantly (p ≤ 0.01) in response to water deficiency. Among the studied genotypes, T9 and Pratap showed better tolerance capacity towards the applied drought by presenting higher values of LAI, plant height stress tolerance index (PHSI), dry matter stress tolerance index (DMSI), proline, total flavonoids, anthocyanin, lower percentage of chlorophyll degradation and finally producing high quality seeds.
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