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Bioassays were conducted to assess the effects of two silicon dioxide nanoparticles of Aerosil® and Nanosav against adults of Rhyzopertha dominica F. and Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. Silica nanoparticles were applied at the rates of 50, 100, 200 and 300 mg · kg–1 on wheat and peeled barley. The mortality was counted after 1, 2, 3, and 7 days of exposure. Another experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of food source on the survival of beetles after exposure to silica nanoparticles. Adults were exposed to silica nanoparticles at the rate of 0.2 mg · cm–2 for 1 and 2 days on filter paper inside plastic Petri dishes, respectively. After exposure, the initial mortality was counted and live individuals of both species were held for a week in empty glass vials or vials containing wheat and wheat flour, respectively. Silica nanoparticles have high toxicity on R. dominica and T. confusum adults. Rhyzopertha dominica was more susceptible than T. confusum. However, the mortality of both species increased with increasing concentrations and time exposed to each concentration. At low concentrations, Aerosil® was more effective than Nanosav. Silica nanoparticles were more effective in wheat grains than barley. Results indicated that the initial mortality was so high that the impact of food source on delay mortality was unclear in most cases. Silica nanoparticles were efficient against tested species and can be used effectively in a stored grain integrated pest management program.
The aim of this work has been to determine the characteristics of seven natural peptide substances. The chemical formulas of the substances were as follows: HCL-TrypNH2, AC-Ach-OH, Perm(C-7)-α-Ala-AN, Boc-Ala-AN, H-Tyr(O-C10-H21)OH, C6H5-CH2S-C-Phe, C-t-Per-An. ǁ O The experiment was executed on five species of storage pests: Tribolium confusum Duv., Stiphilus granarius L., Stegobium paniceum L., Trogoderma granariwn Ev., Rhizoperlha dominica F. The experiment consisted of two parts. In the first part, the deterrent effect of the peptide substances was assessed by saturating the food (wheat wafers) to 1% concentration of each substance. The second part involved testing the effect of the substances on mortality of pests. The development of insects was screened for 30 days. The deterrent effect of the substances applied varied and was dependent on a species of pests. It was found out that substances of II and III deterrence class were effective in protecting stored products from Tribolium confusum and Sitophilus granarius. All the substances tested in the course of our study can be applied against Stegobium paniceum. The other two pests were neither deterred nor was their mortality affected by any of the peptide substances examined.
The confused flour beetle is one the most common pest insects invading stored food products with high content of starch. The object of the studies was to determine the adaptability of the pest to infest different quality groups of wheat grain divided into grain size fractions. Survivability of the confused flour beetle taking into consideration the quality and quantity of nutrient substance was studied; as well as the course and length of this developmental cycle. The results of performed studies revealed that a wheat cultivar factor significant affected development of the pest. It was also stated that pest beetles preferred grain of wheat cultivars with low protein content and pure technological quality of gluten. In contrast, grain of cultivars characterized by a high technological quality such as Korweta and Jasna were more tolerant to infestation by this pest.
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