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New distribution data for 171 bryophyte taxa in the Roztocze National Park are provided. Among them there are 43 species protected by law in Poland, including 20 strictly protected species, as well as 13 species threatened in Poland. The research revealed 36 species (5 liverworts and 31 mosses) new for the region. Noteworthy is the occurrence of 19 mountain species and 10 bryophytes thought to be relicts of old-growth forests what confirms the specificity of nature of the Roztocze region. The most valuable and interesting finds are: mosses Campylophyllopsis sommerfeltii (Myrin) Ochyra, Dicranum viride (Sull. & Lesq.) Lindb., Buxbaumia viridis (Moug. ex Lam. & DC.) Brid. ex Moug. & Nestl. as well as liverworts Calypogeia suecica (Arnell et J. Perss.) Müll. Frib. and Cephalozia catenulata (Huebener) Lindb. A brief characterisations of these species are presented.
In the studies on the metapopulation system two aspects are important: cognitive and practical. The former indicates that a metapopulation is a demographic structure of a higher level than coenotic or local populations and aims at recognition of relations between particular populations of a given species. The practical aspect reflects the issues of the dynamics and/or the extinction rate in particular populations and indicates potential habitats which can be colonized. The study of the Senecio rivularis metapopulation is created by relatively abundant population of ragwort in the Roztocze Highlands, Roztocze National Park, south-eastern Poland, recognized as the source population and three other called marginal or sink populations as well as potentially suitable habitats which are distributed as islands in adjacent hydrogenic areas. The distances between particular populations range from 1.3 to 6.5 km. As a long-lived, iteroparous rhizomatous clonal plant, insect-pollinated and anemochoric one, so having adaptations both for ‘escape in time’ and ‘escape in space’, S. rivularis may be treated as the model object of the study on the metapopulation level. The following hypotheses were put forward: (1) the spatial pattern, size and life-stage structures of particular populations reflect the time of their origin in the meta-system; (2) hydrochory is a complementary or alternative way of migration of anemochoric diaspores; (3) local watercourses and hydro-technical activity affect the formation and dynamics of S. rivularis metapopulation. The multi-aspect studies of the source population were conducted in the years 1987–2007. They aimed to establish the density, spatial pattern and life-stage structure of the S. rivularis population, both at a large scale, i.e. in the whole population (three times) and at a small scale, i.e. on the level of three particular clumps (four times). The size structure of generative genets and ramets in the whole population was elaborated five times. In the greatest of the other populations in the meta-system, the size structure was elaborated twice (2002, 2007) while the study of spatial and life-stage structures was done only once, in the first period, because of the disturbance of a greater part of the population in the next years. In the two remaining localities all plants were counted thanks to small abundance of the populations. Considerable changes in the spatial organization and life-stage structure of genets in the source and sink populations exhibited that colonization in the meta-system of S. rivularis proceeds in accordance with an island model of the ‘stepping stone’ type, downstream the river. Renaturalization of water relations of river catchment areas and construction of the so-called small retention objects affect the formation and dynamics of S. rivularis metapopulation which reflects at least some dynamics phases observed at the level of the source population: progressive, stable, fluctuation and/or regressive, and extinction phases. Knowledge of the density, life-stage and size structures of plants in a population facilitates a highly reliable determination of the development phase of a given local population in the meta-system and prognosis of its future.
79 butterfly species have been recorded from the Roztocze National Park; localities are listed for all of them.
The paper tries to determine the environmental amplitude as well as the optimal conditions for the vegetation of Papaver rhoeas in the agrocoenoses of the Roztocze National Park’s buffer zone, as compared to other Polish regions. The analysis is based on certain habitat and anthropogenic factors. Based on the author’s own research and the data quoted in the literature, it has been found that Papaver rhoeas occurs in the associations and communities of the Caucalidion and Aperion alliances accompanying cereal and rape crops as well as in the Polygono- Chenopodion and Panico-Setarion alliances accompanying root crops. Papaver rhoeas demonstrates a large environmental scale, as its presence has been noted in low- and highlands, in foothills, in river valleys as well as on slopes. Moreover, it teams up with various types of soils (of a wide range of acidity, moisture as well as trophic and thermal conditions) and complexes. Papaver rhoeas occurs most often and in the largest numbers in winter crops in the Lathyro-Melandrietum and Caucalidio-Scandicetum association which belongs to the Caucalidion alliance and in the Consolido-Brometum, Vicietum tetraspermae papaveretosum and V. t. consolidetosum association from the Aperion alliance. As far as root crops are considered, Papaver rhoeas shows up in the Lamio-Veronicetum politae association from the Polygono- Chenopodion alliance. It prefers chalky and Jurassic rendzinas containing CaCO3 and other fertile loam and loess soils which belong to wheat complexes, with their pH ranging from slightly acid to alkaline (Eutric Vertisols, chernozem, brown soil, alluvial soil) and which are moderately moist, warm, medium-rich in nitrogen and with good soil biological activity. In the foothill areas, it dominates on alluvial soils in the river valleys; rarely has it been spotted on the slopes. Papaver rhoeas rarely occurs on the lightest sandy soils of the weak and very weak rye complexes and weak cereal-fodder complexes. The distribution of Papaver rhoeas reflects the soil conditions in a given area.
The purpose of this study was to determine the trends and rates of spontaneous changes in the structure and species composition of natural forests which are composed mostly of tree species growing at the limits of their natural range of distribution. We analyzed the demographic processes in populations of woody species in the years 1968‒2005. The investigations were conducted in strictly protected areas in the Roztoczański National Park (The Roztocze Highlands, Eastern Poland) on four 0.5-ha sample plots, established in the 1960s. These plots represented three forest communities: upland fir mixed forest Abietetum polonicum (Ap), Carpathian beech forest Dentario glandulosae–Fagetum (DgF), and pine-oaks mixed forest Querco roboris– Pinetum (QrP)). Measurements were conducted in 1968, 1978 (two sample plots only) and in two study periods (1993‒1995 and 2003‒2005). Measurements in the last two periods included canopy trees (DBH and height) forest regeneration (saplings, seedlings and germinants) as well as dead wood (snags and coarse woody debris). The results revealed significant and dynamic changes in the studied forests. The directions and rates of changes were different among forest communities. Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) showed continuous decrease in all the forest associations. The highest rates of change were found in the DgF forest association. Data from the last measurement showed, that the rate of fir decline has slowed down, and in some cases even a slight increase of its share was recorded. However, the continuous decrease in abundance of the fir regeneration in all study plots suggests, that fir in the near future can be partly replaced by the broadleaved species. Among them, European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) revealed the most dynamic species. It showed a systematic increase of it’s share in stand composition, according to the number of trees and basal area in all investigated plots. The largest increase of this species was recorded in the QrP forest association. Untill 1993 hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) developed well in the DgF association, and it also increased in abundance in the Ap association. The last measurements confirmed large increase the number of hornbeams in the DgF association, whereas it’s share in stand basal area revealed a weak downward tendency in both associations. After 1993 Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) grow only in the Ap forest communities, where its development is rather weak. The share of Norway spruce in forest composition has diminished systematically since 1968. The measurements from 2003 revealed a slight increase of the basal area of spruce and substantial decrease of its regeneration. Other tree species: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) in the successive measurements showed a systematic decrease of their number, basal area and share in the stand composition. There was also no natural regeneration of these species. Observed changes could be mainly attributed to natural rocesses of forests development (including natural disturbances) in general and to specific mechanisms of competition in forests composed of tree species growing close to the limits of their natural distribution ranges. In some cases the dynamics of researched species (hornbeam, pine and oak) can be explained as the regeneration processes of ecosystems affected previously by human activities.
New records of 41 species of Staphylinidae from Podlasie, Lublin Upland, Roztocze and Sandomierz Lowland (E Poland) are given. Some data on the biology of Stenus kiesenwetteri ROSENHAUER are provided.
Badania przeprowadzono w Roztoczańskim Parku Narodowym na glebach bielicowych właściwych w celu określenia zawartości metali ciężkich przy Linii Hutniczo-Siarkowej [LHS] i przy drodze szybkiego ruchu [DSR]. Rejonem badań były dwa obwody ochronne w Parku: obwód 224 „Obrocz” znajdujący się w zasięgu oddziaływania LHS i obwód 341 „Florianka” będący pod wpływem DSR. Próby do analiz pobrano z poziomów Ah i Bh, bez zachowania naturalnej struktury, z odległości 10 m i 50 m od LHS i DSR. W pobranych próbkach gleby oznaczono: skład granulometryczny, pH oraz zawartość metali ciężkich: cynku, miedzi i chromu. Badania dowodzą, że próby glebowe pobrane z obu obwodów charakteryzują się niską zawartością części spławianych i koloidalnych. Dominującą frakcją jest piasek. Analiza odczynu pokazała, że wszystkie badane gleby wykazały odczyn kwaśny. Zaobserwowano spadek zawartości badanych metali ciężkich wraz z rosnącą głębokością i odległością od Linii Hutniczo-Siarkowej i drogi szybkiego ruchu. Zawartość form ogólnych cynku, miedzi i chromu w badanych próbkach mieściła się w granicach naturalnej ich zawartości, a więc można przyjąć, że badane obszary nie są skażone wyżej wymienionymi metalami.
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