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The objectives of this research were to determine the antagonistic activity of 8 insect microorganisms (isolated from eggs of some insect species) against phytopathogens: Pseudomonas lachrymans (Smith et Bryan) Carsner, Phoma betae Frank., Pythium sp. In the laboratory experiments the liquid cultures 2 and 3 completely inhibited the growth of Phoma betae mycelium from infected beet seeds. Under greenhouse conditions cultures 1, 2 and 3, used for cucumber seed treatment, effectively reduced the development of angular leaf spot caused by P. lachrymans. Their protective activity was comparable to the efficiency of synthetic bactericide - Bronopol. The liquid, living culture 3 and culture 2 - sterilized (devoid of living cells but including metabolic products of microorganisms) considerably protected cucumber seedlings from damping off caused by Pythium sp.
Xanthomonas hortorum pv. pelargonii is the causal agent of bacterial blight of geranium. A specific and rapid real-time PCR assay for detecting the bacterium in plant was developed in this study. We compared sensitivity of conventional and real-time PCR for detection of the pathogen in inoculated plants. For application to disease management programs, PCR amplification must be able to detect latent infections of asymptomatic geraniums. Our results displayed that conventional PCR lacks sufficient sensitivity to be used as diagnostic tools for detection of X. hortorum pv. pelargonii in latent infections. On the other hand, real-time PCR is suitable method for detection of latent infection of the bacterium in planting materials and can be considered in management programs. The ability for accurate and reliable detection of X. hortorum pv. pelargonii in asymptomatic tissue is a significant step in setting up “pathogen free” certification programs for bacterial blight of geranium.
Studies were conducted on a field of soybean monoculture at Czesławice near Nałęczów in the years 2002–2004. The object of the studies were soybean plants ‘Polan’ cv. and chitosan. A water solution of chitosan micro-gel at the concentration of 0.1% was used for studies. The studies tested the effect of this compound on the inhibition of soybean diseases caused by soil-borne pathogenic fungi. The solution of chitosan was used a few times, i.e. for seed dressing, seedling spraying, plant spraying at anthesis and in mixed combinations. During the experiment field observations were conducted in particular developmental stages when the number and healthiness of plants were established. Infected plants were submitted to mycological analysis. Results from the field observations and mycological analyses showed that chitosan used in a mixed combination (for seed dressing + seedling spraying + plant spraying at anthesis) was the most effective in protecting soybean from the infection of soil-borne pathogenic fungi. In those combinations the best density of soybean seedlings and plants at anthesis was obtained. The mycological analysis of infected parts of soybean seedlings and plants at anthesis showed that chitosan proved effective in inhibiting the infection of soybean plants from fungi from the genera of Fusarium, Pythium, Phomopsis and Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Rhizoctonia solani.
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