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Two smut fungi from Indian Ocean islands are described, illustrated and discussed. Sporisorium themedae (Duke) Vanky on Themeda quadrivalvis (L.) Kuntze is reported for the fi rst time from Mauritius, and from the Madagascan subkingdom of the Paleotropics as a whole. Tilletia mauritiana Vanky on Brachiaria umbellata (Trin.) Clayton is new to Madagascar. This smut was hitherto known only from the type locality in Mauritius, and the present finding extends its geographic distribution ca 900 km westwards.
Opisano cztery nowe gatunki roztoczy z rodzaju Geckobia (Prostigmata, Pterygosomidae): G. samambavyensis, G. mananjaryensis, G. andoharonomaitsoensis i G. ifanadianaensis z Madagaskaru. G. bataviensis Vitz. jest nowy dla fauny Wietnamu.
Madagascan species of the genus Chiridopsis Spaeth, 1922 are revised. Nine species occur on this island, five of them are described as new to science: Chiridopsis atricol- lis, Ch. levis, Ch. maculata, Ch. marginepunctata, and Ch. nigroreticulata. New records and a key to the species from Madagascar are given.
A recently (Krause 2001) reported fragmentary mammalian lower molar (University of Antananarivo, UA 8699) from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Madagascar, was attributed to Marsupialia, for which far reaching paleobiogeographical conclusions were made. The five characters used to identify UA 8699 as a marsupial are not exclusive to Late Cretaceous marsupials, but are found also in some placental mammals, notably in Late Cretaceous ungulatomorph zhelestids, known from various Upper Cretaceous strata in Asia, Europe, and NorthAmerica (Nessov et al. 1998). Identification of UA 8699 as a zhelestid placental is in keeping withmyriad other faunal similarities between Europe and Africa/Madagascar.
A new species of the family Flatidae (Sisciini) Phlebopterum tapiae sp. nov. from Madagascar is described and illustrated. Additionally, environmental affinities of newly described species are discussed. A key to all Madagascan Phlebopterum Stål species is also provided.
Four new species of the genus Notophthiracarus, N. andasibensis sp. nov., N. pandanerisis sp. nov., N. quasisomalicus sp. nov., and N. reticularis sp. nov. are described and figured from forest soils in various parts of Madagascar. A comparison of morphological similarities with the most related species of the subgenus Notophthiracarus is performed.
Lemuricola (Madoxyuris) bauchoti Chabaud, Brygoo et Petter, 1965 is redescribed from material collected from the ring-tailed lemur, Lemur catta, from the Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve in Madagascar using the scanning electron microscope. This is a new host record and the first oxyurid reported from the ring-tailed lemur. Previously, records of each species of the subgenus Madoxyuris have been restricted to a single host species, but the close relationship between these nematodes and their Strepsirrhini hosts will only be proven when additional records fill in the gaps in their distribution.
The results of small mammal inventories at 11 sites ranging from sea level to 1000 m a.s.l. on the Masoala Peninsula in northeastern Madagascar are presented. The Rodentia and Lipotyphla (ex Insectivora) of this peninsula, that contain extensive areas of lowland rainforest and some montane habitat, were previously poorly known. Fifteen endemic (5 rodents and 10 tenrecs) and 2 introduced species [Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) andSuncus murinus(Linnaeus, 1766)] were recorded. Species diversity in the lowland forests was reduced as typically found in other lowland sites in the eastern humid forest, while that of the lower montane zone was notably low as compared with other nearby large forested areas to the interior of the peninsula. Several ideas are presented to explain this difference, including the peninsula effect.
The paper describes a new flatid genus, Peyrierasus gen. nov., and a new species P. philippiae sp. nov. from Anosyan mountains of southeastern Madagascar. Additionally, the illustrations of the female internal genital structures are provided.
In spite of decades of research on Madagascar's unique and endemic modern fauna, the evolutionary history of the island's bat fauna remains largely unknown. Their origin and evolution is largely unknown because of the nature of the fossil record; the deepest well-dated glimpse of Madagascar's mammal groups comes from only 26,000 years ago. Bat remains have frequently been recovered from paleontological sites, but have been rarely identified or described. It therefore remains unknown whether bats underwent a reduction in species diversity similar to that seen in many of Madagascar's vertebrate clades. Herein I describe a collection of newly discovered subfossil bats from Anjohibe Cave, northwestern Madagascar, some estimated to have been deposited about 80,000 years ago. Five bat genera are represented as subfossil (Rousettus, Eidolon, Hipposideros, Triaenops, and Myotis) with four of these genera present in Anjohibe Cave today. The subfossil material has yielded two new species, indicating that Malagasy bats experienced recent species turnover, paralleling what is seen in much of the island's terrestrial vertebrate fauna.
A new scaphidiine species, Toxidium cavicola, found in a deep part of a cave in the Tsingy formation, Madagascar, is described. For this world-wide subfamily is only the second species discovered from a cave.
A new genus and species of flightless spider beetle from southwestern Madagascar, is described. The most notable morphological features are lateral spines on the pronotum and elytral epiplura and a diverse array of setal vestiture. Characteristics differentiating this new genus and species from all others are discussed and illustrated and the probable biology hypothesized.
The genus Phylacinus Fairmaire, 1896 (type species: Phylacinus asperipennis Fairmaire, 1896) is revised and illustrated. New species is described: Phylacinus ferreri sp. nov. Key for species determination is provided. Lectotype and paralectotype are designated for Phylacinus asperipennis Fairmaire, 1896. The genus represents of the Malagasy endemic fauna.
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