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The results presented in this paper relate to the time and duration of flowering of highbush blueberry as well as fruit set in the conditions of flower isolation and free visitation by pollinating insects. Observations were carried out in the years 2001- 2004 at a plantation located in Niemce near the city of Lublin. Six cultivars: ‘Bluecrop’, ‘Bluejay’, ‘Croatan’, ‘Darrow’, ‘Northland’ and ‘Spartan’, were covered by the study. The flowering period of the studied highbush blueberry cultivars was in May in three years of study, whereas in 2004 in May and June. Depending on the year, it lasted from 14 up to 21 days, on the average. Significant differences were found in the life span of a single flower which, depending on the cultivar and conditions prevailing during flowering, bloomed from 5 up to 10 days (the average for all the years for all the cultivars). With free access of pollinating insects, highbush blueberry set an average of 92 false-berries per 100 flowers, whereas only 40 during spontaneous self-pollination under the isolating cover. In each year of study, irrespective of atmospheric conditions prevailing during flowering as well as the time and duration of flowering, fruit set of the investigated cultivars in flowers freely accessible to pollinating insects should be considered to be good or very good.
The production of renewable energy from biomass, including seeds and their products (oil), is of high importance. The basis of that production may be the cultivation of plants “typical” for a certain region. Lower importance is put on marginal plants, such as willow, topinambur etc. These plants cannot rival plants like rapeseed, potato, corn, cereal, in spite of the fact that they produce a lot of green mass. In many countries of the EU, including Poland, the highest importance is put on the production of biodiesel used as biofuel in self-ignition combustion engines. The availability of locally produced biofuels would cause greater independence from external factors.
Fourty two species referred to 21 genera and 2 subgenera are described; one genus and 5 species are new: Diphyphyllum rarevesiculosum sp.n., Lithostrotion (Siphonodendron) dobrolyubovae sp.n., L. (S.) rossicum strzelcense subsp.n., L. (S.) rossicum parvum subsp.n., Lublinophyllum fedorowskii gen. et sp.n. Genera Orionastraea and Turbinatocaninia are for the first time recorded in Poland. Heterophyllidae with 5 septa and pentagonal cross-section are recorded. Blastogeny has been studied in 13 species and subspecies. Axial increase has been studied in detail in Lithostrotion (Siphonodendron) dobrolyubovae sp.n. Taxonomic division of Rugosa based on blastogeny, is demonstrated to be questionable in some cases. Fusion of corallites has been observed in colonies of Lithostrotion and Lonsdaleia colonies. Existence of holotheca in Orionastraea aff. magna Kato & Mitchell has been proved.
Phosphorus is an important life-supporting nutrient and therefore it is often applied in fertilizers. As a result, its pool in soil may increase due to the presence of various elements effectively binding P, making it unavailable to plants. Each soil exhibits many characteristics important in P cycling, with the aeration state (redox potential and moisture), pH, and the presence of N, Ca, and Fe being the most important. In addition, agricultural practices, e.g. fertilization, may strongly affect P pools in the soil. We studied 7 different, both cultivated and natural, soil types from Lubelskie region. We found that agricultural practices strongly affected the soil aeration state, pH, and moisture level reducing them signifi cantly. As a result, phosphate concentrations increased signifi cantly up to 10 mg kg-1 in comparison to ca. 2– 4 mg kg-1 in non-cultivated soils. This was caused by changes in soil characteristics depending on the soil type (availability of N, Ca, and Fe). The levels of nitrates increased up to 50 mg kg-1, favouring P immobilization. It could be concluded that the soil aeration state (related to the manner of soil use) is important in P cycling through the effect on other soil characteristics, which differ among soil types.
Data concerning the effect of spring frosts on the survival of fl ower buds of several apple and pear cultivars, as well as on the damage caused by spring frosts to apple fruit are presented in the present paper. Observations were conducted in experimental and commercial orchards in the Lublin area in the years 2000, 2005 and 2007. The lowest temperature in spring in the consecutive years occurred on the following dates: 2000 – 3rd and 4th May, 2005 – 1st April and 22nd May, and 2007 – 2nd and 4th May. The most serious damages of buds were found in apple trees of Red Boskoop, Rubin and Jonagold cvs. grown in the experimental orchard in Felin (Lublin) (this was an average value for the years 2000 and 2007), whereas the buds of the late fl owering cultivars of Golden Delicious Smoothee, Royal Gala and Ligol survived with signifi cantly lesser damages. These observations generally confi rmed those made in commercial orchards in 2005 and 2007, in which buds of cv. Elise also showed high resistance to spring frosts. Pear trees of cv. Concorde showed low damage to fl ower buds in 2007 and produced a reasonably good crop. Fruits of cv. Jonagold and its mutations Wilmuta, Jonica, Decosta and Rubinstar proved to be very sensitive to spring frosts, as well as fruits of cv. Lired. The positive infl uence of the Polish rootstock P60 on fl ower bud survival was observed in the year 2000. However, this was not confi rmed in 2007, thus further observations are necessary to check these effects.
Subject and purpose of work: The subject of the work was intra- and intersectoral cooperation between local governments for the development of tourism. The aim of the work was to evaluate the activity of local governments natural valuable areas of Lublin Province in undertaking co-operation in tourism. Materials and methods: The accomplishment of the objective was supported by the analysis of the literature of the subject and the results of the research carried out in 2013. The area of the study was composed of 30 municipalities of the highest ecological value group in Lublin Province. A diagnostic survey method was applied, with the use of an interview questionnaire which was addressed to village and town mayors. The additional source of information consisted of the web pages of municipal offices, organizations, which belonged to the surveyed local governments and statutes of these organizations. Results: It was shown that local governments within natural valuable areas did not sufficiently exploit diagonal co-operation in stimulating tourism development. The measures aimed at supporting tourism were characterized by lack of comprehensiveness. Only about one third of self-governments undertook comprehensive measures using forms of intrasectoral and intersectoral cooperation. Conclusions: Further development and intensification of diagonal cooperation is postulated, as well as promotion of good practices.
A total of 1,367 Ixodes ricinus ticks collected from 5 districts of the Lublin region (eastern Poland) were examined for the presence of Babesia microti DNA by PCR and nested-PCR. As many as 74 ticks (5.4%) were found to be infected with Babesia microti. The infection rate varied significantly with stage/sex of ticks (chi2=16.48543, df=2, p<0.000264). The infection rates in females and males amounted to 6.4% and 8.8% respectively and were significantly higher (p=0.006 and p=0.0001 respectively) compared to minimum infection rate in nymphs that was equal to 2.8%. The prevalence of infection showed also a significant variability depending on geographic location within the Lublin region (chi2=18.62812, df=4, p<0.000932). The highest rates of infection with Babesia microti were noted in ticks collected from the areas of Puławy district situated in the northern part of region and the suburban Lublin district situated in the central part of the region (8.0% and 7.3% respectively). Mediocre infection rates (respectively 3.4% and 3.3%) were found in ticks from the Parczew and Włodawa districts situated in eastern part of the region and covered with humid lakeland forests. The lowest infection rate (0.5%) was noted in ticks from the Zamość district situated in southern part of the region. In conclusion, the infection rate of Ixodes ricinus ticks with Babesia microti found in this study is higher compared to the majority of data reported by Polish and other European authors, and indicates a potential risk of human infection during occupational or recreational exposure to tick bite.
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