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The aim of this paper is to assess the level of economic development and foreign relations of the countries forming the economic group Mercosur. Numerous economic indicators are used for the purpose of research and international comparisons. Most important are gross domestic product (GDP), national income, unemployment rate, inflation rate, foreign trade’s and investments’ share in GDP. Other measures, which are based on GDP, may be used for economic growth assessment. These are for example economy internationalization, activity level, openness and dependence and international competitiveness. After a brief introduction to the subject, the manner of calculating the indicators that are used for such an assessment more rarely is described. Then the indicators calculated for the current Mercosur member states are analysed.
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The last Cretaceous ammonites in Latin America

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Sections yielding late Maastrichtian ammonite assemblages are rare in Latin America and precise biostratigraphic correlation with European type sections remains difficult. In all, the extinction pattern of ammonites appears to differ between sites in southern high latitudes and those in the tropics to subtropics. In austral sections of Chile, and possibly also in southern Argentina, diverse assemblages range throughout most of the substage and then show a gradual decline prior to the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary. Further north, in northeast Brazil, only two genera (Diplomoceras, Pachydiscus) range into the uppermost Maastrichtian, but disappear within the last 0.3 Ma of the Cretaceous. In tropical sections of Columbia and Mexico, the decline of ammonites started earlier and Sphenodiscus is the last ammonite known to occur in the late Maastrichtian. In all sections revised here the disappearance of ammonites was completed prior to the end of the Maastrichtian and was thus independent of the asteroid impact at, or near, the end of the Cretaceous.
Ecohydrology research projects undertaken, within the framework of the International Hydrological Programme, in Latin America and the Caribbean are presented, together with contact details of the participants. These include investigations by national research organizations in Argentina, Bolivia and Brazil, as well as collaborative projects involving Brazilian researchers and colleagues from Germany, France, Canada and USA. Details of other German, French and USA projects undertaken in the region are also given. The regional co-ordination of ecohydrology projects, undertaken by the author in co-operation with a working group with members from Argentina, Cuba,. Guatemala, Guyana and Paraguay has involved participation in international meetings, contributions to conference proceedings and involvement of research workers from Latin America in a UNESCO IHP V advanced study course in ecohydrology. Budget constraints and other factors limited or precluded research institutes in several countries in the region from participating more fully in the 1996-2001 programme. However, it is hoped that a more comprehensive and better integrated series of ecohydrological research projects will be undertaken during phase 2. It is anticipated that this will lead to a deeper knowledge of the aquatic ecosystems of the Latin America / Caribbean region and to sustainable development of its natural resources through application of ecohydrological principles.
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