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Likwidacja kolejek leśnych na Kielecczyźnie

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The aim of the study was to verify the hypothesis that the quality of male roe deer hunted in the Kielce region depends on the selected characteristics of the place of their earlier habitat (forest cover, soil) and the age of the individuals. As a criteria to verify that hypothesis we chose carcass weight, weight and height of the antlers and skull dimensions. Material consisted of carcasses and antlers of 1349 bucks harvested in 169 hunting districts in the Kielce region (central Poland). We found that the individual quality of male roe deer was diverse. Significant impact was found for the forest cover, diversity of soil types and age of the individuals. Roe deer with the smallest carcass weight, having significantly lighter antlers occurred in areas with the forest cover of over 40% (tab. 1). In turn, in the filed−type circuits, where the forest cover does not exceed 20%, bucks were much heavier and imposed massive antlers (fig. 1). There was also evidence that in areas where the fertile soil dominated (rendzina and chernozems) individual quality of deer was significantly better than in districts where poor fawn and rust soils predominated (fig. 2). The examined environmental factors had the greatest impact on carcass or antlers weight, as well as the dimensions of deer skulls in case of the youngest bucks and their impact decreased with age. Optimum of the individual's development in terms of carcass weight and antler falls at the age of seven. Bucks harvested in the Kielce region, in comparison to the other populations in Poland, were characterized by good individual quality and slightly subsided only to individuals from the Lublin Upland (tab. 2).
Occupying cereal stubble-fields weed flora is the most characteristic of the environmental (especially soil) conditions. Because of its developing and accomplishing the reproductive stages there it can threatens cultivated plants. They are considered to complete the seed store in a soil by 393 mln per ha. The results presented in the paper concern the species composition, number and constancy (S) and indice of coverage (D) of the cereal stubble-field weed species on various soils in the Kielce region (the central part of Poland). The report was based upon 885 phytosociological records collected in the 268 stands. The records were carried out after the crop harvest, in the latter part of September, in 1976-1980. Soil were chosen on the base of soil maps. The analyse of soil samples, taken at the investigation process, were done in order to confirm the soil quality. The worked out material was divided into three parts. The first part, including 369 phytosociological records collected in the 112 stands (in 90 localities) concerns stubble-field weeds on podzolic and brown soils developed from sands (loose, weakly loamy and loamy) and loams (light and medium). It was found that these soils were grown by 108 (loamy sands) to 132 (weakly loamy sands) weed species. Among them 66 species were common for all of the soils. Species composition was not differentiated by the soil type (brown, podzolic) within kind of the- soil (sand or loams). Among soil examined, the brown loams was the most abundant with species of high constancy degree (30 species) but brown loose sands and podzolic loamy sands was the poorest one with (16 species).
The weedy status of the cereal stubble-fields on a fertile soils (podzolic and brown developed from silt of water origin and loess as well as chernozem) were asessed. The 243 phytosociological records, collected in 69 stands situated in 63 localities, were worked out. The species composition, number and constancy (S) and indice of coverage (D) of weed species are presented in the report. There were from 113 (podzolic loess) to 142 (brown loess) weed species on the edafic sites considered. The short-lived predominated among them (62-65 %). The great floristic similarity was stated within the weed species occupied the investigated soils. The 88 species (including 27 perennial) were common for the each of them. From 24 to 37 species demonstra- ted high (V-III) constancy degree, but only 5-12 along with high (over 200) indice of coverage.
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