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The first instar of Parlatoria ziziphi (LUCAS) is described and illustrated. It has 5- segmented antennae, 1 trilocular disc pore associated with anterior spiracle, 2nd and 3rd lobes welldeveloped, broad and fringed plates present in interlobular spaces and anterior to lobe 3. It is distinguished by the lack of dorsal submedian setae on abdominal segments 4-7, and by the presence of ventral submedian setae on meso- and metathorax, and on abdominal segments 2-7. Sexual dimorphism in the first instar is exhibited through two characteristics: a campaniform sensillum present at the bases of the tarsi in male nymph, but absent in female nymph, and a pair of dorsal submedian setae on the 1st abdominal segment present in male nymph, but absent in female nymph.
The genus Malaxa Melichar, 1914 (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae: Tropidocephalini) feeding exclusively on bamboo (Bambusoideae), containing 4 species: M. delicata Ding et Yang, 1986 (Guizhou: Guiyang; Yunnan: Mongban; Zhejing: Hangzhou; Fujian: Huangkeng), M. hunanensis Chen sp. nov. (Hunan: Zhangjiajie), M. fusca Yang et Yang, 1986 (Taiwan: Nantou) and M. semifusca Yang et Yang, 1986 (Taiwan: Nantou; Hualian; Guizhou: Daozhen) from China is here reviewed. The male of M. fusca Yang et Yang, collected from Nantou County of Taiwan, is reported and described for the first time. The main morphological characters and male genitalia of 4 species are described and illustrated. A key to species in the genus from China is provided.
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Aphid infestation of decorative perennials

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The many years’ study on species composition and harmfulness of aphids infesting perennials in the decorative plant collection Agricultural University in Poznań permited to ascertain occurrence of 23 aphid species on 66 species of decoratice perennials, representing 20 botanical families. The species that occurred in all the four study seasons in 2000, 2002, 2003 and 2005 included: Aphis fabae Scop., Brachycaudus cardui (L.) and Aphis sedi Kalt.. Very often Aphis newtoni Theob., Acyrthosiphon malvae (Mosl.), Brachycaudus helichrysi Kalt. and Longicaudus trirhodus (Walk.) were found. Spring and early summer was the period of numerous occurrence of aphids on decorative perennials. The high degree of plant infestation was resulted in decreasing the plant’ decorative value. The aphid infestation may be especially dangerous for numerous cultivars of Dahlia x cultorum, Eryngium planum, Echinops ritro, Leucanthemum maximum, Papaver orientale, Sedum aizoon, Iris sibirica, Yucca filamentosa, Achillea ptarnica, Dicentra eximia, Doronicum orientale i Geum coccineum.
A life table can be used as an important and appropriate tool to evaluate the susceptibility or resistance level of different host plant cultivars to insect pests. In the current study, we determined the suitability or inferiority of five different canola cultivars (Hayula420, Hayula401, Hayula50, Hayula60, RGS) to Nysius cymoides, under laboratory conditions. Data were analysed based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. Nysius cymoides which fed on Hayula420 had the longest nymphal period, while those which fed on Hayula50 had the shortest nymphal period. Developmental times (sum of incubation and nymphal periods) was longest for those which fe d on Hayula420 and the shortest for those which fed on Hayula50. The adult pre-oviposition period (APOP), total pre-oviposition period (TPOP), mean fecundity, and adult longevity of adults reared on different canola cultivars showed significant differences. The highest and lowest net reproductive rates (R0) were obtained for those which fed on Hayula420 (11.40 offspring per individual) and Hayula401 (5.47 offspring per individual), respectively. The highest value (0.0395 d–1) for the intrinsic rate of increase (r) was obtained for those which fed on Hayula 60 cultivar and the lowest value (0.0261 d–1) for those which fed on Hayula401 cultivar. The shortest and longest mean generation times (T) were obtained for those which fed on RGS and H401 cultivars, respectively. The lowest and highest values of life expectancy (exj) were obtained for those which fed on RGS and Hayula420 cultivars, respectively. The results showed that Hayula401 and RGS were not susceptible cultivars to N. cymoides. These cultivars showed higher resistance to N. cymoides, while Hayula60, Hayula420, and Hayula50 were found to be suitable cultivars but with lower resistance to N. cymoides, respectively.
Two new species of Sogana Matsumura, 1914: S. condaoana sp. nov. and S. cucphuongana sp. nov., both from Vietnam are described and illustrated. The species are compared with S. longiceps Fennah, 1978. A key to the species from Vietnam and a distribution map are provided. The genus now contains 10 species. The records of S. longiceps from China are considered as erroneous.
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