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GC MS methods were used to analyse sterol components of leaves and roots of Jovibarba sobolifera (Sims.) Opiz. ß-sitosterol, campesterol, 24-ethylcholestanol, 5ot-ergostan-3a-ol, -y-ergosteryl and 5a-stigmast-7-en-3a-ol have been identified in both fractions, ß-sitosterol and campesterol have been the predominant sterol components in the analysed leaves, whereas ß-sitosterol and 24-ethylcholestanol have been the main sterol components in the roots. Besides, by means of the weight method a total amount of sterols has been determined: 0.04% in leaves and 0.02% in roots.
5
75%
The structure of Kalanchoё pumila Bak. was studied with the use of stereoscopic, light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the chlorenchymatic tissue was divided into subepidermal small-celled mesophyll and large-celled (water transporting, CAM type) mesophyll, placed in the central part of the leaf. The mesophyll structure and its cell ultrastructure indicate C3 photosynthesis in this taxon, whereas CAM photosynthesis, being an adaptive syndrome, is induced by external factors. Three groups of xeromorphic traits were observed in the structure of K. pumila leaves, related to: 1) storing water in the ground and epidermal tissues, 2) decreased transpiration (the closing of stomata during heat), 3) avoiding excess insolation of the mesophyll and overheating of the leaf (striated cuticula, anthocyan pigments, tannin storage). The last two groups of xeromorphic traits also include thickening of the outer walls of cuticular cells, a thick-layered cuticula, and the presence of epicuticular wax and calcium carbonate deposits. Microchannels which enhance transpiration effi ciency in developing K. pumila leaves were found in the vicinity of anticlinal walls in the outer walls of epidermal cells. Calcium deposits produced on the leaf surfaces protect them in extreme conditions. Adaptive traits in the structure of K. pumila leaves are conservative and they confi rm the relations between this taxon and the conditions in their native land.
In this study the influence of the elicitation with yeast extract on the content of salidroside in the callus tissue of Rhodiola rosea was investigated. The colorimetric method for salidroside determination was used for quantitative analysis of this compound. Two series of experiments showed that the elicitor increased the salidroside content from 0.8% to 1.4% and from 0.8% to 1.5% respectively. The salidroside content in the elicited callus was twice as high as in five-year old roots of intact plants. Two types of pharmacological studies were used for the estimation of the adaptogenic activity of R. rosea extracts: determination of immunostimulating activity and determination of antistress effect.
Aura
|
1995
|
nr 01
24-25
A Polish representative of the Rhodiola genus (Rhodiola rosea) is an arctic-alpine species occurring in Eurasia and North America, in polar tundra and high mountains, from the Pyrenees to the Alps, Carpathian Mountains, Siberia and Kamchatka to Alaska. In Poland this species occurs in the Sudety, Tatra and Bieszczady Mountains, in national parks only. Among plants with ginseng-like effects, this species is the strongest. Its preparations increase the ability to do physical and mental work, regulate blood pressure and improve reflexes, visual and aural acuity. They also have atimulative and strengthening effects.
Jovibarba sobolifera is considered critically endangered species in the Opole Silesia. In 2007 a new locality of J. sobolifera was found in Kielcza near Zawadzkie (square CF09 of the ATPOL grid; 50o34’51’’ N, 18o33’15’’ E). Several hundred specimens grows on the sandy dune in association of Koelerion glaucae alliance. This is the second known site within the Opole Silesia territory.
Opisano cechy morfologiczne nasion i siewek Rhodiola rosea L. Ustalono optymalne warunki kiełkowania nasion w laboratorium. Prześledzono także zmiany zdolności kiełkowania nasion w pierwszym roku po zbiorze dokonując comiesięcznych analiz. Stwierdzono, że nasiona Rhodiola rosea L. do kiełkowania wymagają dostępu światła. Zdolność kiełkowania należy ustalać po 21 dniach od rozpoczęcia analizy. Nasiona Rhodiola rosea L. w ciągu pierwszego roku po zbiorze kiełkują w liczbie od 40 do 60 %. Przechowywane w nie ogrzewanym magazynie zachowują żywotność nawet do 10 lat.
The aim of the study was the identification and quantitative analysis of phenylpropanoid compounds in the roots of Rhodiola species. Rosavin, rosarin and rosin were determined in the roots of R. kirilowii and R. rosea from the field cultivation, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants. For the quantitative analysis, the ultra performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI MS/MS, Waters) was used. The results showed differences in the quantitative and qualitative assessments of these two species. In the root of R. kirilowii the presence of phenylpropanoids was not confirmed. In R. rosea the most common phenylpropanoid was rosavin (0.022%). The UPLC-MS/MS studies allowed to use this analytical method for determination of phenylpropanoids in the accordance with the requirements of ICH.
The aim of this research was to enhance the content of salidroside by exogenous addition of p-tyrosol in R. rosea tissue cultures. The callus tissue cultured on solid medium (MS with addition of NAA, BAP and adenine chloride) and compact callus agregate (CCA) were used in the experiments. The p-tyrosol was added to medium at a concentration of 5 mM/L (both into liquid and solid medium) and at concentration of 2.5 mM/L (only into liquid medium) in the day of the inoculation. The content of salidroside approximated: 23.15 mg/g (on solid medium) and 43.22 mg/g (CCA) after 7 days of 5 mM/L p-tyrosol application. The yield of salidroside was 3.1% (solid medium) and 4.3% (CCA). The addition of 2.5 mM tyrosol to CCA culture induced the increase of the content of salidroside to 34.73 mg/g and 3.5% yield of salidroside was obtained. The adverse effect was observed in biomass. Salidroside was not released into the medium.
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