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In a field experiment conducted near Poznan (Poland) eggs of Ascaris suum were found to have penetrated the soil according to the dispersion of percolating water which depends mainly on the soil structure and texture. Under natural conditions, after 17 months, the eggs were recovered in soil down to a depth of 8-21 cm. Out of the 50,000 Ascaris eggs used for contamination of each soil sample only 0. 1-4.5% survived for 17 months in the larval stage and most of these remained within 1-5 cm of the soil surface. It was observed that some of the eggs may have their development temporarily arrested.
Ascaris suum is the commonest parasitic infection of pigs, with deleterious effects that give rise to the greatest economic losses in the swine industry. Popular methods of treatment with anthelmintic drugs have proved largely ineffective in reducing the incidence of swine ascariasis. We propose the use of drug-abbreviated infections to immunize young pigs. Young animals receive drug in their feed when they are continuously exposed to the infective eggs normally occurring in their surroundings. After 3-6 weeks, pigs acquire resistance that is effective against subsequent exposures to infective eggs after the drug is withdrawn.
In this study, maternal toxicity and developmental effects of exposure to Ascaris trypsin inhibitor were evaluated in mice. Pregnant BALB/c females were injected intraperitoneally by Ascaris inhibitor /AIT/ at 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg body weight/day, on days 12 to 15 of gestation (stage of fetal development). At day 19 of pregnancy, uterine contents were inspected for implantation sites, early resorptions (moles), living fetuses and dead fetuses. The living fetuses were weighed and examined for external, internal and skeletal abnormalities. The results showed that AIT induced maternal toxicity, evidenced by maternal deaths, abortions, bleeding from uterus and reduced body weight gain as compared to control (p <0.01). There were no differences between the control group and the rest of all groups investigated for total implantation sites and early resorptions. Fetotoxicity was observed as shown by the decrease in the number of living fetuses and mean fetal weight, a high rate of intrauterine fetal deaths, delayed skeletal ossification, occurrence of pathological changes of fetal organs and tissues. Only one type of congenital malformations (hydronephrosis) was noted in fetuses after injection of higher doses of AIT.
The trace elements Cu, Cr, Co, Zn, Pb, V, Mo, Ni, Be, Sn, W, Zr, Ag, Sb, As, Bi, Ba, Sr, Ga, Y, Nb and La are reported from the ash of two nematodes, Ascarops strongylina and Ascaris suum from pigs, following analysis by emission spectroscopy.
The authors describe an individual of the female Ascaris suum Goeze with a unique genital system. A female with such an anomaly was found during laboratory classes of Invertebrate Zoology at the Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, NCU. The specimen was about 200 mm long, and the total length of the reproductive system was 1970 mm. Further comparative analysis between unchanged and changed individuals revealed differences in the length of individual sections of the studied system, as well as in the diameter of the uterus. The described case is extremely interesting because of the phenomenon of eutely occurring in nematodes. The exact cause and mechanism of abnormalities described in Ascaris suum are not known and difficult to explain experimentally because of the extremely small number of these anomalies. Moreover, the interpretation of the anomaly is difficult because of the specific behavior and complex morphogenesis of this endoparasite.
It has been found that tegument homogenate of Ascaris lumhricoides suis and also trypsin inhibitor isolated from it induce the Leghorn chick embryos mortality when injected into their yolk sac on 4th, 8th or 13th day of incubation. The trypsin inhibitor is one of important components of Ascaris homogenate causing mortality. There is linear interrelationship between the logarithm of dose of homogenate or trypsin inhibitor and the mortality of chickens in %. A significant decrease of mean mass of chicks injected with Ascaris homogenate or trypsin inhibitor in comparison with control groups was observed. There was more frequent occurrence of developmental abnormalities and pathological changes in groups of hatched chicks which received Ascaris homogenate or inhibitor.
The development of Ascaris suum eggs in the culture containing prostaglandins (PGA, PGB, PGE and PGF) or inhibitors of their synthesis (indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid) was studied. Exposure of eggs to indomethacin (0.2 and 0.5%) or acetylosalicylic acid (1 %) delayed the development. 0.5% acetylsalicylic acid didn't exert any effect. The development was also delayed by PGB, PGE, PGF and higher concentration of PGA. But lower concentration of PGA accelerated embryonic development.
It bas been found that trypsin and α-chymotrypsin inhibitors isolated from Ascaris suum act embryotoxically and teratogenically on White Leghorn clucken embryos. Mortatity rate for the chicken embryos on day 15 of incubation was 45.0 ± 3.5% after injection of trypsin inbibitor and 44.0 ± 3.5% after adminstration α-chymotrypsin inbibitor. Gross examination of surviving embryos and their dissection revealed pathological changes (abdominal dropsy, umbilical hernia, subcutaneous oedema, hemoperitoneum, hemopericardium), symptoms indicating retardation in growth (lack of down, retarded ossification of long bones, decreased mean body weight) as well as malformations (schistocelia, micrognathia, cyclopia, crossed beak, cranial deformities) after injection of inhibitors from Ascaris. The highest incidence of embryos with pathological changes and malformations was found after administralion of α-chymotrypsin inbibitor. The most commonly occurring abnormality was schistocelia (21.4 ± 3.88%). Growth malformations were not found in the control groups. The trypsin and α-chymotrypsin inhibitors present in Ascaris homogenate have a significant disturbing effect on the development of the chicken embryo.
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