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Superoxide anion is produced in human platelets predominantly by Nox2-dependent NADPH oxidases. In vitro experiments have shown that it might play a role in modulating platelet functions. The relationship between platelet superoxide production and aggregation remains poorly defined. Accordingly, we aimed to study superoxide production and aggregation in platelets from subjects with significant cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking and diabetes mellitus) and from control individuals. Moreover, we studied the effects of novel polyphenol-rich extracts of Aronia melanocarpa (chokeberry) berries on platelet function in vitro. Superoxide production was significantly increased in patients with cardiovascular risk profile when compared to controls, while platelet aggregation in response to either collagen or thrombin were borderline higher, and did not reach statistical significance. Interestingly, no relationship was observed between platelet aggregation ex vivo and platelet superoxide production in either of studied groups. No correlation was found between endothelial function (measured by FMD) and platelet aggregation ex vivo either. Polyphenol-rich extracts of A. melanocarpa berries caused a significant concentration dependent decrease in superoxide production only in patients with cardiovascular risk factors, while no effect was observed in the control group. A. melanocarpa extracts abolished the difference in superoxide production between risk factor patients and controls. A. melanocarpa extracts exerted significant concentration dependent anti-aggregatory effects in both studied groups, which indicated that these effects may be independent of it’s ability to modulate superoxide production. The anti-aggregatory effects of chokeberry extracts were similar irrespective of aggregation inducing agent (collagen or thrombin). Moreover, they appear to be independent of platelet NO release as NOS inhibition by L-NAME did not lead to their abrogation. Platelet superoxide production is increased in subjects with cardiovascular risk factor profile, which may precede changes in platelet aggregation itself. Novel polyphenol rich extracts of A. melanocarpa berries exert significant anti-platelet effects ex vivo.
Sulphide-2-chloroethyl-3-chloropropyl is an alkylating agent. It posssesses mutagenic and carcinogenic properties, participates in oxidative processes and can induce lipid peroxidation.The aim of our investigation was to define antioxidative activity of natural anthocyanins after single experimental intoxication with sulphide-2-chloroethyl-3-chloropropyl in mice. Catalase activity in hemolysate, thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) concentration in hemolysate and selected organs were determined. The study confirms increased lipid peroxidation as a result of sulphide-2-chloroethyl-3-chloropropyl intoxication, but natural anthocyanines derived from Aronia Melanocarpa also seem to play a protective role as an antioxidative agent.
The fruit of black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott) is valuable raw material for food and pharmaceutical industries due to the content of anthocyanins, but also other components. The aim of this study was to estimate the content of dry matter, reducing sugars, vitamin C, anthocyanins and the antioxidant potential in black chokeberry fruits depending on the age of plants and the time of fruit harvest. Material for the study was collected in 2011 and 2012 from 6–7, 11–12 and 16–17-year-old plants. Fruits for analyses were harvested on 10–12 August, 29 August – 1 September, 11–13 September, 26–27 September, 11–14 October, 25–27 October. Fruits from the oldest plants contained 16–18% less anthocyanins and 8% less vitamin C, but 2.7 percentage points more dry matter than the fruits from younger plants. On the 29 August–1 September fruits achieved the maximum content of reducing sugars, vitamin C and anthocyanins, 13.7, 8.2 and 715.5 mg 100 g-1, respectively. The content of reducing sugars and anthocyanins stayed unchanged until the end of October, and the content of vitamin C decreased considerably. Antioxidative potential (DPPH) ranged from 77.0 to 85.2% inhibition and it did not depend on the age of harvest time of fruits. The most valuable chokeberry fruits were obtained from plants up to 12 years of age, harvested between 29 August and 13 September.
W pracy zbadano wpływ antocyjanin z aronii czarnoowocowej na przebieg i intensywność objawów doświadczalnej cukrzycy. Ocenę przebiegu doświadczalnej cukrzycy oparto na określeniu stężenia cukru w moczu, oznaczeniu stężenia substancji reagujących z kwasem tiobarbiturowym (TBARS) jako miary intensywności peroksydacji nienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych w moczu i surowicy krwi, zmianie masy ciała w trakcie doświadczenia. W badaniach stwierdzono istotny przyrost stężenia glukozy w moczu po iniekcji streptozotocy- ny u szczurów. Podanie zwierzętom jednocześnie ze streptozotocyną antocyjanin uzyskanych z aronii czarnoowocowej, codziennie przez cały okres obserwacji, istotnie obniżało stężenie cukru w moczu. Antocyjaniny te również spowodowały zahamowanie utraty masy ciała szczurów. Jednocześnie stwierdzono, że barwnik antocyjaninowy zapobiega w istotny sposób generacji wolnych rodników tlenowych, zmniejszenie peroksydacji lipidów, miarą czego było obniżenie stężenia produktów utleniania nienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych w moczu i surowicy krwi.
Badano możliwość użycia owoców pigwowca japońskiego w procesie otrzymywania koncentratu barwnika antocyjanowego z wytłoków aronii w celu poprawy jego stabilności. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że pigwowiec zwiększa trwałość antocyjanów i barwy koncentratu barwnika. Najlepszy efekt uzyskano stosując mieszaniny zawierające 15% miazgi pigwowca i 85% wytłoków aronii. Dodatek pigwowca ogranicza ponadto tworzenie się osadów w czasie przechowywania barwnika w warunkach umożliwiających dostęp tlenu.
Reactive oxygen species are postulated to be involved in systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with obesity. Activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) generate extremely high amounts of reactive oxygen species, but these are normally targeted at pathogens inside intracellular phagosomes. The same beneficial antimicrobial functions, if not controlled, contribute to the tissue damaging effects of inflammatory reactions. The evidence from conventional epidemiology strongly implies fruits and vegetables in protection against oxidative stress. In our study, the in vitro effects of Aronia melanocarpa juice on oxidative metabolism and apoptosis of neutrophils from obese and non-obese individuals has been investigated. We tested 15 obese patients (aged 45 ±9 years, women, BMI = 34 ±4.9 kg/m2). Nine healthy subjects (BMI = 22.2 ±1.6 kg/m2) were enrolled as controls. Neutrophils were isolated and oxidant production, in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, was characterized by using luminol dependent chemiluminescence (CL) and flow cytometric dichlorofluorescin oxidation assay. Caspase-3 activity, a marker of apoptosis execution, in human neutrophils, measured by a cleavage of the fluorogenic substrate Ac-DEVD-AMC. Additional experiments to assess the direct toxic effect of the aronia polyphenols were also carried out. Neutrophils from obese individuals had a significantly higher H2O2 production and CL response compared to controls (p < 0.05). The oxidative metabolism of PMNs was decreased by aronia juice treatment in both of groups, obese and non-obese individuals. The caspase-3 activity depended on the time of aronia juice treatment and was markedly increased in phorboltreated cells incubated with polyphenols for 24 hours. This natural product exert beneficial effects in cells and may, therefore, be useful in the treatment of obesity disorders
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