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Direct observations of the behaviour of bank voles Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber, 1780) and striped-field mice Apodemus agrarius (Pallas, 1771) were carried out in semi-natural conditions (enclosure). Intra- and interspecific behaviours in both voles and mice were similar. A quick escape of animals was observed as a result of the majority of meetings (ca 70%); fights among individuals were not frequent (usually about 10% of meetings). It seems that interactions among the two studied species have agonistic character, but none of them shows a visible domination over another. If competitive interactions among bank voles and striped-field mice take place, they have a character of exploitation; direct aggressive contacts are not the most important in competition.
The present knowledge of the range of small mammal (field mice Apodemus agrarius (Pallas, 1771) and bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber, 1780)) movements is discussed and data concerning long distance movements obtained by the authors are presented. Small mammals appeared to be much more mobile than it is commonly believed. Spatial distribution of movements is not random and some routes of movements can be recognized. Such routes are covered mainly by rudera] vegetation and dense bushes. Considerable mobility of small mammals found in the presented studies encourages to think over the present views on organization and regulation of populations.
We studied enzyme polymorphisms in a striped field mouse Apodemus agrarius (Pallas, 1771) population from NE Poland and the relationships between hetero­zygosity and length and mass of the digestive tract organs, and the mucosal surface area of the small intestine. _Most of 38 loci studied were found monomorphic (pro­portion of polymorphic loci P = 0.053, observed average heterozygosity H0 = 0.021). Heterozygotes were found for Acy, Pgm-1, Mdh-2, Est-D, Pgi, Sdh and Trf. Hetero­zygous males had longer large intestines and ceca and smaller liver wet mass than their homozygous conterparts. However, in females there were no significant inter­actions between heterozygosity and gut parameters. We suggest that the low level of polymorphism, the particular set of the loci examined and sex have an effect on detection of differences between heterozygous and homozygous individuals.
4899 specimens of arthropods belonging to three orders: Acarina (Ixodides and Mesostigmata), Anoplura and Siphonaptera were collected from 457 small mammals out of which 246 were Apodemus flavicollis and 211 A. agrarius. Indexes of infestation of both hosts with particular species of arthropods were calculated as well as the ratio of these groups in the whole material of arthropods collected from both species of examined rodents. Seasonal dynamie of particularly abundant arthropods was observed. Dependence between the infestation of A. agrarius and the size of the host and its sex was noted.
Ecology of Ixodes ricinus collected on black-striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) was studied in the lowland ecosystems. During the study period (1986-1991), 1483 specimens of A. agrarius were examined in southern Slovakia and 1319 larvae and nymphs were collected from hosts. The seasonal pattern - bimodal (peak in spring and autumn) - was distinct for larvae. Both prevalence and abundance of tick infestation of A. agrarius by nymphs were low. Prevailing material of nymphs was collected from May (pooled data from all years) on mature hosts. There were significantly higher infestation in mature males than in females as well as significantly higher tick infestation of mature hosts than immature ones. Higher abundance of tick infestation of A. agrarius in fields is probably influenced by great spatial mobility of hosts and by import of ticks from landscape verdure.
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