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The studies on biological control of damson-hop aphid (Phorodon humuli Schrank) on Marynka cultivar, using Aphidius colemani and Aphidoletes aphidimyza, were carried out in the hop-garden localised within Hop Experimental Station at Jastków over the years 1998–2000. The efficacy of Aphidius colemani ranged from 5% to 65% and was found sufficient to control damson-hop aphid in the period before flowering i.e. to the middle of July, but it was not sufficient later. The efficacy of Aphidoletes aphidimyza ranged from 50% to above 90% and it was sufficient in one of the examined vegetation seasons. High air temperature and lack of rainfall reduced efficacy of both species, but especially that of Aphidius colemani.
Effect of Bt maize MON 810 expressing Cry 1 Ab toxin on braconid Aphidius colemani in tritrophic plant - herbivore - parasitoid system was studied under greenhouse conditions by rearing the bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi) on genetically modified maize cultivar DKc 307 (MON 810) and its isogenic parent cultivar - Monumental of Monsanto Ltd. R. padi aphids reached higher population level when maintained on Bt-maize cultivar DKc 307 (MON 810) than on its isogenic parent cultivar - Monumental both in the winter and summer experiments. The braconid A. colemani developed higher population on R. padi aphid population feeding on Bt maize plants in the summer experiment and on non-Bt plants in the winter experiment. The observed effect of season on parasitation level by A. colemani on R. padi host feeding on Bt and non-Bt maize plants indicates that results obtained in a single greenhouse experiment may lead to questionable conclusions and should be confirmed by other experiments.
The black citrus aphid, Toxoptera aurantii Boyer de Fonscolombe (Hemiptera: Aphididae), an important pest of citrus species, feeds by sucking sap from plant leaves. It causes some leaf distortion and malformation of growing leaves and shoot tips. In this study, the eff ects of the botanical insecticide, palizin on T. aurantii and its parasitoid, Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Brachonidae) were compared with the chemical insecticide, imidacloprid. Th e compounds were evaluated at maximum recommended fi eld concentrations: palizin 2,000 ppm, imidacloprid 500 ppm, water (as control) on adult aphids. Spraying was done with a 100-l engine Honda sprayer (GX120T1, 160T1, 200T) until run-off . Th e number of dead aphids was recorded 24, 48 and 72 hours aft er treatment. According to the results, statistically signifi cant diff erences were found between treatments (p ≤ 0.05). Twenty-four hours aft er treatment, imidacloprid was more eff ective than palizin in reducing the T. aurantii population. Palizin showed high effi ciency (95% mortality) 72 hours aft er treatment. However, at that time, there was no statistically signifi cant diff erence between the mean mortality percentages of imidacloprid and palizin. This shows that botanical insecticide, palizin can eff ectively control T. aurantii. Also, palizin caused low mortality (10.86%) on A. colemani while imidacloprid was more toxic (31.1% mortality). The results of the present study indicated that palizin can be used instead of chemical insecticide, imidacloprid in control programs of T. aurantii.
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