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Occurrence, properties and applications of laďic acid (E 270) in this article were described. Lactic acid is produced on an industrial scale in result of fermentation of carbohydrates by the use of various bacteria. In food industry lactic acid acts as pH control agent and antioxidant. Moreover, lactic acid on wide scale in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry is used, somewhat smaller use he has found in agriculture as well as in textile and dyeing industry.
Properties, receiving and applications of locust bean gum (E 410), which it is a natural polysaccharide in this article were presented. It is derived from seeds of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua), which sweet fruits already in ancient times has been known. In food industry locust bean gum acts as thickener, stabilizer, carrier and gelling agent. Moreover, locust bean gum in pharmaceutical as well as in cosmetic industry is used.
Properties, receiving and applications of caramel (E 150), which it is the oldest natural food dye, in this article were presented. On industrial scale caramel was received in result of heating of sugars to temperature ok. 150- 2000C in the presence of catalysts. It in dependence from way of production distinguishes oneself the different kinds of caramels appointed with symbols E 150a-d. Parameters, which characterize the quality of caramel were also described. Caramel the most often was applied in food industry to dying and articles confectioners drinks, cheeses, yoghurts etc. Moreover caramel was used in confectionery business as well as in cosmetic industry. Applications of caramel are regulated in Poland by regulations contained in order of Health Ministry from 27th December 2000.
Properties, receiving and applications of caramel (E 150), which it is the oldest natural food dye, in this article were presented. On industrial scale caramel was received in result of heating of sugars to temperature ok. 150-200°C in the presence of catalysts. It in dependence from way of production distinguishes oneself the different kinds of caramels appointed with symbols E 150a-d. Parameters, which characterize the quality of caramel were also described. Caramel the most often was applied in food industry to dying and articles confectioner's drinks, cheeses, yoghurts etc. Moreover caramel was used in confectionery business as well as in cosmetic industry. Applications of caramel are regulated in Poland by regulations contained in order of Health Ministry from 27th December 2000.
Properties, receiving and applications of sorbitol (E 420) which it is naturally occurring hexitol were presented in this article. Sorbitol is occurred in the berries of the mountain ash, cherries, grapes, apples as well as in algae. On account of large worldwide demand, on industrial scale sorbitol was also received in result of reduction of D-glucose. In food industry sorbitol (E 420) applied is as a sweetener; thickener, moisture stabilizer and surface-finisher agent. Moreover it is use in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and chemical industry.
Occurrence, properties and applications of apple acid (E 296) in this article were described. Malic acid is one of the acids widespread in vegetable world wide. He usually was obtained from unripe fruit by extraction. In food industry malic acid acts as pH control agent, flavor enhancer and flavoring agent. Moreover, malic acid in pharmaceutical as well as in cosmetic industry is used.
Structure, properties and applications of pectins (E 440), as a natural polysaccharides were presented in this article. The pectins are main structural components of the young plants cellular walls. They are the methylated esters of polygalacturonic acid. Pectins are extracted on an industrial scale from the press residues in apple and citrus juice under mildly acidic conditions. Pectins are using in the food industry as thickeners, emulsi fiers or gelatin former. Moreover the application in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries was also described.
Structure, properties and applications of pectins (E 440), as a natural polysaccharides were presented in this article. The pectins are main structural components of the young plants cellular walls. They are the methylated esters of polygalacturonic acid. Pectins are extracted on an industrial scale from the press residues in apple and citrus juice under mildly acidic conditions. Pectins are using in the food industry as thickeners, emulsifiers or gelatin former. Moreover the application in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries was also described.
W artykule przedstawiono właściwości i zastosowanie antocyjanów, jako naturalnych barwników środków spożywczych. Antocyjany to naturalne substancje nieodżywcze (NSN) pochodzenia roślinnego. Są to polifenolowe barwniki o charakterze glikozydowym. W artykule przedstawiono ogólną budowę i właściwości antocyjanów, a także występowanie i zastosowanie ważniejszych antocyjanów w przemyśle spożywczym, kosmetycznym i farmaceutycznym.
W artykule przedstawiono występowanie, właściwości i zastosowanie karagenu, jako naturalnego dodatku do żywności. Zastosowanie karagenów w Polsce regulują przepisy zawarte w Rozporządzeniu Ministra Zdrowia z dn. 27 grudnia 2000 r. W sprawie wykazu dopuszczalnych ilości substancji dodatkowych i innych substancji obcych dodawanych do środków spożywczych lub używek, a także zanieczyszczeń, które mogą się znajdować w środkach spożywczych.
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