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The present study was an attempt to determine the effect various types of diets had on growth, survival, and the content of fatty acids (FA) in pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (L.), larvae. During larval development (from day 5 to day 47 post-hatch), the fish were fed two commercial feeds - Bio Kyowa (BK group) and Agio Norse (AN group) - and Artemia nauplii (A group). A separate group was comprised of larvae which developed under natural conditions (Z group). The results obtained show that the composition of fatty acids of both commercial feeds and Artemia nauplii satisfied the nutritional requirements of pikeperch larvae during their development, which was indicated by high survival and satisfactory growth rates (survival – 50.8 - 54.4%; final body weight – 0.481 - 0.575 g; total length – 37.85 - 48.31 mm). The A group larvae had a two-fold higher content of C 18:1 acid in comparison to the fish in the BK and AN groups. In the A group, polyunsaturated fatty acids comprised 26.07% of total FA content, while in the BK, AN, and Z groups it was 40%. Based on histological observations, it was found that the larvae fed the AN diet had the greatest capacity of hepatocytes and the greatest relative capacity of cytoplasm occupied by lipids.
As a consequence of the untypical characteristics associated with the reproductive physiology of dogs the research on the IVP in this species has not been effective. The whole IVP procedure is preceded by a stage of oocytes collection, the quantity and quality of which may in the future affect the number and ability of the development of embryos. In the presented paper methodologies used in the collection, evaluation and selection of oocytes in dogs are summarised.
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The criteria for choosing a companion dog

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The criteria for choosing a companion dog. What criteria do people follow in selecting a dog in Poland? By means of a diagnostic survey a study was carried out examining the criteria for selecting a companion dog. The survey was filled out by 424 dog owners (in Poland), representing various ages and education. An analysis of the results allowed to divide the surveyed community into five clusters. The respondents from the 1st cluster preferred pedigree dogs. They regarded the most important criteria of dog selection to be parentage (0.809), size (0.652) and temperament(0.478). The 2nd cluster included people having a good contact with dogs and preferring a specific type of dog temperament. They most highly regarded the temperamentof the dog (1.000) and its appearance (0.693). The 3rd cluster included altruists, for whom none of the analyzed criteria of selection were important. For them the most important criteria of dog selection was the temperamentof the animal (0.977), less important were sex (0.593), parentage (0.558) and the utility purpose (0.453), whereas age and external appearance were completely irrelevant. The respondents in the 4th cluster (people preferring work and physical activity with the dog) differed from the others by having the highest assessment of the dog's utility purpose (0.906). Their utilitarian attitude towards dog selection confirms regarding temperamentas second in the hierarchy of criteria (0.750) and size as the third (0.547). The least traits associated with the utilitarian side of the dog were shown by respondents from the 5th cluster (average dog owners). They regarded the following criteria to be most important: size (0.688), age and appearance (0.656) and sex (0.563).
Studies in many countries have proven that the company of a dog has a positive influence on human relations as well on the emotional, mental and physiological status of human beings. Dog owners are generally healthier and more physically active, and therefore less often require professional medical assistance. However, several problems must be taken into consideration, the most serious being dog bites. Biting incidents have led to regulations ranging from mandatory use of a lead in public places to a ban on ‘aggressive breeds’, though studies on risk factors have not found these breeds to be most frequently involved in dog biting inci-dents. In Poland mixed breeds have been shown to be the most likely culprits, which may be attributed to their prevalence (65%) in the local population. The majority of incidents take place on the dog’s territory. Studies analysing the age of victims have shown a higher per-centage of adults (84%), primarily women (56%), whereas in the USA 60-70% of victims are children. The latter cases may be more dangerous due to the location of the bite. According to numerous authors, children are usually bitten during interactions with their families’ or neighbours’ dogs, so that regulations remain Ineffective. Instead, proper socialization and training of dogs, together with educational programmes addressed to children and their guardians, seem to be the most effective preventive measures.
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