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The paper presents the methodology of experimental research described on the basis of KBN grants realized in 1992-1996. Biometrical topics from theese grants are contained in the following four fundamental problems: 1. Planning and analysis of one- and two-factor experiments carried out in incomplete designs. 2. Methods for the analysis of individual genetic and breeding experiments. 3. Methods for the analysis of series of variety trials and plant genetic or breeding experiments. 4. Methodology of experimental research applied to the results of DUS trials, plant protection and in legume breeding.
The following areas of research related to the climate\water resources interface may be identified: detecting changes in atmospheric and hydrological variables by means of measurable indicators, including paleohydrological data; assessing sensitivity of land surface processes to climate characteristics; analyzing implications of climate change on regional water supply and demand; assessing the impact of climate change on physical, chemical and biological processes in water bodies. There is a possibility of applying a range of approaches, from simple empirical relationships to complex conceptual models based on simplified representation of the processes involved in the hydrological cycle. There are still uncertainties propagated through the numerous levels of analysis as one moves from CO2 scenarios, through the transference of climatic data to hydrologic characteristics, impacts on water sectors and on management decisions and socioeconomic impacts of response measures. Climate/hydrology impact studies should allow answering questions important for decision making: e.g. is the water system able to fulfil required tasks for the current economic, climatic and hydrologic conditions? If not, what action should be taken to improve the situation? Will the system be able to meet requirements 20 to 50 years from now, assuming stationarity of hydrological processes? If not, what kind of measures must be foreseen to enhance system's ability to cope with water deficits and floods? To what extent a water resource system may be affected as a result of climate change? How to deal with uncertainties? What are the adaptation options? How the analysts should communicate with decision makers in order to demonstrate that there is a problem to be addressed? Based on the current knowledge, the following conclusions seem to be justified: there are reasons for decision makers to be concerned, because the water supply and demand may be affected by the climate change; water systems may be effectively adapted to changed climatic conditions; cost of adaptation in various regions of the country will vary depending on the depth of expected water deficits; the vulnerability of water systems to changes decrease as the level of water system development increase; improved demand management and institutional adaptation are primary components for increasing the robustness of water resources systems; a continuous adaptation of design criteria, development plans, operating rules and water allocation policies to the newly developed climate scenarios is needed.
The calculation method in investigation on effects of general and specific combining ability in multiple tests is presented. Treatments in the tests are parent lines and hybrids obtained in diallel crossing of the Ist and IInd type according to the classification of Griffing. The analysis has been based on the theory as presented in the work of Kaczmarek and concerns a series of tests with the same genotypes in different sites within an arbitraty, though the same compact design with incomplete blocks.
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Test flights of meadow communites by Apidae insects

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The performed investigations were carried out on meadow complexes situated in the region of Wielkopolska recognised for its long traditions of meadow management and bee-keeping. The results of our investigations and observations show that permanent meadows exhibit sufficient floristic diversity to make them attractive for Apidae. However, flights of Apidae to visit meadow communities in order to collect nectar vary. The attractiveness of Cirsium oleraceum communities is evidently higher than that of Alopecurus pratensis, while communities with Trifolium repens and Taraxacum officinale occupy intermediate positions. All the above-mentioned plant communities are more attractive for Apoidae than Brassica napus cultivations. In addition, visits paid to individual species of plant communities also vary. Apoidae appear to favour in particular the following plant species: Vicia cracca, Trifolium sp., Taraxacum officinale, Cirsium sp., Leontodon autumnalis, Melilotus sp., Polygonum bistorta, Euphrasia rostkoviana and Lychnis flos-cuculi. Another advantage of permanent meadows is the presence in their sward of plants which blossom during the entire period of vegetation. Therefore, if we want to enhance meadow floristic diversity, it is necessary to introduce (by oversowing) into their communities plant species which are visited by Apidae most readily. In addition, it can be concluded on the basis of the performed experiments that the Apoidae population in our region is very poor and is limited to the following little species: Apis mellifera, Bombus terrestris and B. lapidaries, B. sylvarum, B. pascuorum and Halictus sp.
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