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1
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Borage (Borago officinalis L.) - a valuable medicinal plant used in herbal medicine

100%
Pieszak M., Mikolajczak P. L., Manikowska K.
Herba Polonica
|
2012
|
tom 58
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nr 4
In Europe, the use of herbs in the treatment of various ailments had been natural for centuries. Nowadays, phytotherapy is a way to support typical pharmacotherapy of many diseases. Borage (Borago officinalis L.) is one out of more than 20 000 plants of therapeutic properties. The results of some studies indicate that Borago officinalis L. is commonly used adjunctively in disorders of the respiratory system, urinary tract, arthritis and skin problems. Biologically active compounds found in borage oil are used as additives in the treatment of atherosclerosis, as well as in the regulation of certain metabolic processes.
2

Protoporfiria, alfa- i beta-mannozydoza bydła

87%
Janik A., Pieszak M.
Hodowca Bydła
|
2007
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nr 02
3
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Production of the secondary metabolites in Salvia miltiorrhiza in vitro cultures

76%
Dreger M., Krajewska-Patan A., Gorska-Paukszta M., Pieszak M., Buchwald W., Mikolajczak P.
Herba Polonica
|
2010
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tom 56
|
nr 4
Salvia miltiorrhiza (family: Lamiaceae) is well known as Danshen in traditional Chinese medicine. It is used mainly in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. A number of pharmacological studies have proved its wide spectrum of pharmacological activities: cardiovascular protective effect, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antimicrobial and anticancer. The roots of S. miltiorrhiza contain two main groups of active compounds: phenolic constituents and abietane-type diterpenoids (tanshinones). The studies on S. miltiorrhiza in vitro cultures have been focused on secondary metabolites production for over two decades. Both cultures, undifferentiated and transformed, are able to synthesize the active compounds but their content is low. The elicitation treatment significantly enhances the metabolites content at a level close or much higher than in the intact plants. The induction effect depends on many factors: the kind and dose of the elicitor, the type of the culture and its susceptibility, time and ways of administration, the growth state of tissues etc. The yeast extract and some heavy metal ions effectively induce tanshinones biosynthesis such as cryptotanshinone, whereas methyl jasmonate stimulate mainly phenolic compounds – lithospermic acid B and demonstrated limited effect on diterpenoids accumulation. Nowadays, the much attention has been paid to the biosynthetic pathways and genes including expression profiling and cloning. The recognition of the genes pathways and the transcription factors (including the signal transduction steps level) will be helpful in better understanding of the regulatory mechanism and improvement of the production of the interesting secondary metabolites and eventually appliance in the industry.
4
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Content of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (senecionine and senkirkine) in Tussilago farfara L. plants cultivated in vitro

64%
Dreger M., Krajewska-Patan A., Gorska-Paukszta M., Pieszak M., Opala B., Gryszczynska A., Adamczak A., Mikolajczak P. M., Buchwald W.
Herba Polonica
|
2012
|
tom 58
|
nr 4
Tussilago farfara L. (family Asteraceae) is a valuable medicinal plant that has been used as a cough suppressant and as an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drug. Mucopolysac charides, flavonoids, sterols, phenolic acids and pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are the main active compounds of coltsfoot. Due to hepatotoxic properties of some pyrrolizidine alkaloids, raw materials that contain PAs should be monitored and determined. The aim of present work was to establish nodal cultures of Tussilago farfara and to determine the content of senecionine and senkirkine in plants propagated in in vitro conditions. Eleven clones of coltsfoot derived from Polish natural populations were established. Rhizome buds were used as explants for the initiation of in vitro cultures on MS (Murashige and Skooge) medium. Every six weeks the shots and leaves were collected and dried. The HPLC method was applied for the identification and determination of senecionine and senkirkine. Content of pyrrolizidine alkaloids varied significantly depending on origin (population). An average sum of alkaloids (senecionine and senkirkine) ranged from 1.23 to 10.47 mg/100g d.w. that corresponds to 0.0013–0.011%, respectively.
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