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Studies on aphid’s migration with the use of Johnson’s suction trap were carried out at the Agricultural Experimental Station in Winna Góra (Wielkopolska province) in 1999–2010. Total 128 species of caught aphid individuals were classified in five groups: eudominants, dominants, subdominants, recedents and subrecedents according to the hierarchical structure. The subrecedents group was the most diversified in terms of species, the least numerous and included aphids of minor economic importance. The group of eudominants was the most numerous one and representd by the only species Rhopalosiphum padi – economically important cereal pest. Other identified species belonged to the groups of dominants, subdominants and recedents.
The study show the species composition of aphids colonizing potato crops in Poland. Data presented in this paper is based on the catches of aphids with Johnsons suction trap between the years 2002–2012 and describes, and compares long-term and seasonal dynamics flight intensity trophically related species of potatoes and of major importance in the epidemiology of viral diseases of their host plants. An attention was also paid to aphids colonizing potato crops accidentally and for short period, which by temporary feeding presents a of mechanical virus infection.
Contemporary oilseed rape varieties, without glucosynolates and erucic acid, are willingly eaten and severely damaged by some game species. The main originators of oilseed rape damages during autumn and winter are: red deers (Cervus elaphus L.), roe-deer (Capreolus capreolus L.), wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) and wild goose (Anserinae). Oilseed rape damages, visible in the spring, often make farmers decide to destroy cultivations. That is why, the two-year experiments were conducted, relying on different game damage simulation. The results of performed research showed a great yield differentiation related to the kind and percentage of damaged plants on a given field. The experiments showed that mechanic damage of plants had a significant influence on the quantity of yield but have no influence upon its quality.
The effectiveness of repellent action of selected scent repellents available on the market in Poland against wild boars was tested in the experiments. The study was conducted in three populations of animals of different density and various degrees of human impact. The study areas were forage plots, separate areas of maize fields or the whole fields of corn. The results of the effectiveness of repellents against selected populations of wild boar in the forage plots showed that none of the products protected sufficiently for a long time due to a habit of constant feeding on corn at this particular site that animals developed over time. The experiments clearly show that in most cases the resistance of wild boar to tested repellents appears relatively quickly. The phenomenon is permanent and animals, which learn quickly, after a short period of time do not respond to the scent repellents. The results are similar for the different populations of tested animals. This indicates that the fast acquisition of resistance to scent repellents is a feature of wild boars.
Long-term research on the intensification of economically significant pests in rape cultivation has been conducted by the Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute (PPI - NRI) Poznań, Poland. This research has allowed for a determination of the economic effectiveness of chemical plant protection against pests. The research was conducted during the 2006-2009 time period. Results showed that the economic effectiveness expressed in approximate profitability indexes E1 and E2 in rape cultivation in Poland was diversified. The values were influenced by the selling prices of rape, intensification of pest occurrence, and yield. To prevent losses in yields, chemical crop protection has been implemented. In 2006, rape underwent an average of two treatments against pests: one against diseases and one reducing weed infestation. The primary rape-attacking pests from 2006 to 2009 were: rape pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus F.), cabbage stem weevil (Ceutorhynous quadridenz Penz), cabbage seed weevil (Ceutrohynorus assimillis Payk.) and pod gall midge (Dasyneura brassicae Winn.).
Leaf miners from the family of Agromyzidae commonly occur in cereal crops on the territory of the whole country. However, their harmfulness is not considered as very high, and only locally they can cause losses of economic importance. Feeding larvae damage leaves of winter wheat and barley reducing the yield parameters. Monitoring of cereal leaf miners flight in winter wheat crops was carried out in Wielkopolska district in 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 in Słupia Wielka. Yellow traps were placed above the top of wheat plants during the vegetation period. The traps were replaced once a week. Fluctuations in weather conditions during the studies affected the dynamics of leaf miner flies considerably. The most common species were: Chromatomyia nigra (Mg.), Ch. fuscula (Ztt.) and Poemyza superciliosa (Ztt.). At the same time observations were carried out to determine the harmfulness of leaf miners and leaves with visible presence of larvae or pupa stage in leaf tissue were collected. In laboratory conditions, the culturing was carried out in order to determine the species of leaf miner.
During vegetative season, cereal leaves are often damaged by larvae of flies from the family Agromyzidae – a casual agent of characteristic symptoms of feeding – mines. Leaf miner larvae cause the reduction of surface parenchyma of leaves (flag and second). This usually leads to photosynthesis disruption and consequently to a lowered number of grain in ears, and thousand grain weight reduction. The damage caused by leaf miners mainly depends on the intensity of pests infestation. Climate warming, simplification of agricultural techniques, crops growing on large areas (are the factors favouring the development of pest populations). The research was conducted on the field of the winter wheat crops at two locations of Wielkopolska district in vegetation seasons 2008/2009 and 2009/2010. The aim of research was to determine the number of stalks with damages leaves and identify mines. Leaves with visible larvae or pupae were collected on the selected field of winter wheat in May. The aim study was to rear flies in the laboratory in order to determine the species composition. The leaf mining species occurring on winter wheat planations during the years of the research were Chromatomyia fuscula, Ch. nigra and Poemyza superciliosa. Based on the research and literature data, the species composition of Agromyzidae damaging winter wheat in particular years varies.
The field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Station of Variety Evaluation at Głodowo that belongs to Research Centre for Cultivar Testing in Słupia Wielka in 2011–2012. Five yellow lupine varieties (Mister, Perkoz, Lord, Dukat, Parys) and five varieties of narrow-leaf lupine (Karo, Sonet, Mirela, Regent, Bojar) were studied. The same varieties were included in the research carried out in the environmental chamber, under controlled conditions (constant temperature, humidity and photoperiod), in four replications at the Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute in Poznań. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the differences in the susceptibility of tested varieties for colonization and development of aphids. As a result of experiments it was found that the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris) mainly colonized the varieties of yellow lupine, while on the narrow-leaf lupine only a few individuals of this species were recorded. The aphids of the genus Aphis spp. (A. fabae Scop., A. craccivora Koch.) inhabited both lupine species at the same density in the two years of observation. Variety preferences of aphids observed in the field experiments were similar to the results collected from the experiments performed under controlled conditions.
The aim of study was an attempt to develop advisory system for commodity services and sugar beet growers undertaken with Sugar Pfeifer & Langen Poland Industry, in order to make a decision on the need of chemical control against cutworm. As a results of carried out observations the date of first moth flights, and the total number of the pests on the plantations were determined. Chemical treatments were applied basing on the pest warning system, and phenological criteria such as the sum of heat and effective temperatures for the cutworm development. In the study (2008–2011) the chemical control was set on the basis of signalling between 31st and 37th day from the date of mass flight of moths. The date of chemical treatments was determined with the aid of phenological criteria, such as sum of heat in the range from 497.8°C to 567.7°C and the sum of effective temperature from 130.6°C to 250.4°C.
Monitoring of cereal leaf miners’ flight in winter wheat crops was carried out in Wielkopolska district in 2009/2010 and 2010/2011. The traps were replaced once a week. Additionally, the abundance of leaf miners was recorded on experimental plots and selected wheat plantations located in the proximity of the experiments in May, leaves with visible larvae or pupa inside were collected for rearing purpose to obtain imagines and identify leaf miner species. Values monitored included the dynamics of flight for leaf mining flies along with the speed of development of leaf beetles. The accuracy of the suggested dates was measured by the quantity of the yield obtained. During the years of the research, the biggest yields were obtained when both pest species were chemically treated during the period when the leaf mining flies were abundant with the oldest leaf beetle larvae reaching the size of about 2 mm. The most common species were: Chromatomyia nigra (Ztt.), Ch. fuscula (Ztt.) and Poemyza superciliosa (Ztt.). The dynamics of flight of leaf mining flies on the winter wheat plantations typically changes a lot, it is necessary to monitor particular plantations. It was also determined that the species composition of Agromyzidae damaging the winter wheat changes between particular years.
W roku 2014 przeprowadzono badania ankietowe dotyczące świadomości rolników w dziedzinie integrowanej ochrony roślin i poglądów rolników dotyczących wykorzystania programów komputerowych w zarządzaniu gospodarstwem. Badania wykonano w ośrodkach doradztwa rolniczego na terenie województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego i wielkopolskiego w ramach wiosennych szkoleń. W badaniu próbę badawczą stanowiło 360 respondentów z różnych powiatów regionu Warmii i Mazur oraz Wielkopolski, którzy zostali wybrani według wskazanych kryteriów. W opinii większości właścicieli badanych gospodarstw, wiedza ankietowanych na temat zagadnień związanych z integrowaną ochroną roślin, ogranicza się do znajomości podstawowych definicji związanych z tym tematem. Świadomość producentów rolnych na temat integrowanej ochrony roślin, stosujących nawożenie mineralne i intensywną ochronę plantacji pestycydami, jest większa niż rolników posiadających mało obszarowe gospodarstwa i stosujących tradycyjne technologie uprawy. Wiedza rolników na temat omawianych zagadnień, często skorelowana jest z wykształceniem rolników, przy czym większą znajomością omawianych zagadnień, wykazali się w odpowiedziach respondenci ze średnim i wyższym wykształceniem. Wiek ankietowanych nie wpływał w istotnych sposób na stan wiedzy badanych. Ankietowani pochodzący z terenów województwa wielkopolskiego wykazywali się większą znajomością zagadnień związanych z integrowaną ochroną roślin, aniżeli respondenci biorący udział w badaniu z województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego.
The paper presents harmfulness estimation of the most important diseases and pests occurring in main agricultural and horticultural crops in Poland in 2012. Presented data are based on the results of field observations provided by the Plant Health and Seed Inspection Service Inspectors. In 2012 the increase of agrophages’ occurrence was recorded for the following species: Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer, Phaeosphaeria nodorum (Müller) Hedjaroude, Oulema spp., Rhopalosiphum padi L., Sitobion avenae F. – on wheat, Oscinella frit L., O. pusilla Meig., Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. – on maize, Cercospora beticola Sacc., Pegomyia hyoscyami Panz., Aphis fabae Scop. – on sugar beet, Mamestra brassicae L., Brevicoryne brassicae L. – on vegetable crops, Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Aderh., Hoplocampa spp., Botrytinia fuckeliana (De Bary) Whetzel. – in orchards comparing to 2011.
The paper presents harmfulness estimation of the most important diseases and pests occurring in main agricultural and horticultural crops in Poland in 2013. Presented data are based on the results of field observations provided by the Plant Health and Seed Inspection Service Inspectors. In 2013 the increase of agrophages’ occurrence was recorded for the following species: Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer, Puccinia recondita Rob. ex Desm. f. sp. tritici (Erikss.) C.O. Johnson, Fusarium spp., Molisia yallundae Wollwork et Spooner, Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx et Olivier – on wheat, Fusarium spp. – on maize, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say – on potato, Leptosphaeria spp. – on winter rape, Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. et Curt.) Rostovzev, Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans (Sm. et B.) Young, Brevicoryne brassicae L., Chamaepsila rosae Fabr. – on vegetable crops, Monilinia laxa (Aderh. et Ruhl.) Honey, Hoplocampa spp., Cydia funebrana Tr., Botrytinia fuckeliana (De Bary) Whetzel. – in orchards comparing to 2012.
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